“…In our previous works [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] , we tried to investigate the effects of different nanoparticles such as SiO 2 [18][19][20][21] , TiO 2 [22][23][24][25] , Al 2 O 3 [26,27] , ZnO 2 [28] , ZrO 2 [29][30][31] , Fe 2 O 3 [32] , Cr 2 O 3 [33,34] and CuO [35] nanoparticles on different concrete admixtures. In the all works [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] , we found that nanoparticles can act as heterogeneous nuclei for cement pastes, further accelerating cement hydration because of their high reactivity, as nano-reinforcement, and as nanofiller, densifying the microstructure, thereby, leading to a reduced porosity. The most significant issue for all nanoparticles is that of effective dispersion.…”