The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on plasma oxidant and antioxidant status in mother and newborn

Effects of lifestyle factors on urinary oxidative stress and serum antioxidant markers in pregnant Japanese women: A cohort study

“…These results, in normal pregnant women, indicate the usefulness of urinary biopyrrins as markers of oxidative stress during pregnancy. These findings also add support to previously published results that demonstrated increased levels of oxidative products in healthy pregnant women, including lipid hydroperoxides (29), oxidised LDL (30), and malondialdehyde (9) in longitudinal studies as well as increased levels of urinary biopyrrins in cross-sectional studies (31). Furthermore, the findings of significant increases in antioxidant levels during pregnancy matched those reported for levels of vitamin E (30), TAC, uric acid (29), and CoQ10 (32,33).…”

“…Furthermore, smoking during pregnancy has been reported to be associated with high levels of LOOH, malondialdehyde, and free radicals, and with low levels of catalase, TAC, vitamin E, and β-carotene in cord or maternal blood (9). High consumption of vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables was reported to be independently and significantly associated with reduced oxidised LDL levels and with increased TAC and glutathione peroxidase activity in healthy young adults (14).…”

“…Increased oxidative stress and associated DNA damage can be induced by endogenous toxins released during inflammation and by exogenous toxins related to poor lifestyle, such as smoking (9), excessive drinking (10), and poor mental health (e.g., psychological stress) (11,12). On the other hand, the DNA repair process is accelerated by various endogenous and exogenous factors, such as exercise and vitamins, in non-pregnant individuals (13,14).…”

Review: Smoking During Pregnancy Menacing to Baby.

“…Smoking during pregnancy reduces the amount of oxygen that crosses the placenta to the baby and it also leads to an increased risk of miscarriages, premature births and sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) (cot deaths). The placenta is an important source of hormones, pro-oxidant agents and antioxidant enzymes and in a physiological pregnancy this vital organ is able to control lipid peroxidation [37]. Several studies concluded that maternal prenatal cigarette smoking disturbs the equilibrium among the oxidant and antioxidant system, thus causing additional oxidative stress and augmenting lipid peroxidation.…”

“…Several studies concluded that maternal prenatal cigarette smoking disturbs the equilibrium among the oxidant and antioxidant system, thus causing additional oxidative stress and augmenting lipid peroxidation. Smoking during pregnancy increases the free radical damage to the unborn fetus as well as to the mother [37,38,39].…”