The effect of torrefaction on oil palm empty fruit bunch properties using microwave irradiation

Abstract

In this study, torrefaction via microwave irradiation was introduced towards oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) samples. The samples was fed into the alumina type crucible inside the microwave with the power input limit at 385W. Experimental was carried in atmosphere at 50 ml/min continous flow of nitrogen gas into the torrefaction system. The effects of main parameters from temperature, residence time were studied towards mass yield, In this study, torrefaction via microwave irradiation was introduced towards oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) samples. The samples was fed into the alumina type crucible inside the microwave with the power input limit at 385W. Experimental was carried in atmosphere at 50 ml/min continous flow of nitrogen gas into the torrefaction system. The effects of main parameters from temperature, residence time were studied towards mass yield, energy yield, proximate analysis and hydrophobicity percentage. In this study, torrefaction via microwave irradiation was introduced towards oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) samples. The samples was fed into the alumina type crucible inside the microwave with the power input limit at 385W. Experimental was carried in non-oxidative atmosphere at 50 ml/min continous flow of nitrogen gas into the torrefaction system. The effects of main parameters from temperature, residence time were studied towards mass yield, Research Article Special IssueM. I. Ahmad et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2017, 9(3S), 924-940 925 Result revealed the increased of energy value up to 22.4MJ/kg for torrefied samples, whereby from proximate analysis mark the increased of fixed carbon percentage whilst volatile matter decreased. Torrefaction products also shows the ability of reducing of moisture uptake up to 60%, which is prudent the good grindability.

Material Selection of Collapsible Pot Hauler and Finite Element Analysis Simulation Applied to the Selected Material

“…FEA simulation is a popular numerical method for solving structural, vibration, and heat problems by predicting design responses [26,27]. Due to the need to simulate the static strength of the chosen material, steps of the plan interaction were applied, beginning with drawing the threedimensional model of the collapsible pot hauler with computer-aided design (CAD) programming [21,28,29].…”

Influence of Torrefaction Parameters on Elemental Properties of Torrefied Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar

“…Torrefaction occurs at a temperature of 200 to 300°C, duration below 2 hours with heating rate between 5-15°C/min and in an inert condition, also known as oxygen shortage [12], [13], [14]. The process is influenced by various parameters, including holding temperature, residence time, heating rate, air pressure, particle size, and moisture content.…”

Sustainable biofuel and bioenergy production from biomass waste residues using microwave-assisted heating: A comprehensive review

“…Recommended MW power levels are between 150 -300 W since higher MW power levels lead to the secondary cracking of biomass (onslaught of pyrolysis) due to the elevated temperature levels and impact the quality of biochar negatively [87,88,94].…”