The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postural sway on fatigued dorsi-plantar flexor

Abstract

The application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) enhances muscle weakness and static balance by muscle fatigue. It was said that TENS affects decrease of the postural sway. On the other hand, the applications of TENS to separate dorsi-plantar flexor and the comparison with and without visual input have not been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of TENS on fatigued dorsi-plantar flexor with and without visual input. 13 healthy adult males and 12 females were recruited and agreed to participate as the subject (mean age 20.5 ± 1.4, total 25) in this study after a preliminary research. This experiment was a single group repeated measurements design in three days. The first day, after exercise-induced fatigue, the standing position was maintained for 30 minutes and then the postural sway was measured on eyes open(EO) and eyes closed(EC). The second, TENS was applied to dorsi flexor in standing position for 30 minutes after conducting exercise-induced fatigue. On the last day, plantar flexor applied by TENS was measured to the postural sway on EO and EC after same exercise-induced fatigue. The visual input was not statistically difference between the groups. However, when compared of dorsi-plantar flexor after applied to TENS without visual input, the postural sway of plantar flexor was lower than the dorsi flexor (p < 0.05). As the result, the application of TENS in GCM clinically decreases the postural sway with visual input it helps to stable posture control and prevent to falling down.

Physiological Mechanisms of Exercise and Its Effects on Postural Sway: Does Sport Make a Difference?

“…The increase in postural sway was revealed after fatigue of ankle plantar-flexor muscles ( Gimmon et al, 2011 ) induced by isokinetic contractions ( Lundin et al, 1993 ; Yaggie and McGregor, 2002 ), isometric and isokinetic exercises ( Bisson et al, 2012 ), repeated plantar-flexion of both legs ( Corbeil et al, 2003 ), toe-lift until exhaustion ( Pinsault and Vuillerme, 2008 ), single-leg, weight-bearing heel raises on an inclined platform ( Springer and Pincivero, 2009 ), repeated standing heel raise exercise ( Hlavackova and Vuillerme, 2012 ), and a calf raise exercise on top of a step ( Barbieri et al, 2019 ). Also fatigue induced by voluntary muscular contraction or electrical stimulation applied to the dorsi-plantar flexor ( Yu et al, 2014 ), the triceps surae ( Magalhães and Kohn, 2012 ), and the quadriceps femoris ( Paillard et al, 2010 ; Chaubet et al, 2012 ; Chaubet and Paillard, 2012 ) can impair postural control. Furthermore, it is lower extremity joint (knee, or ankle) and overall fatigue of the dominant leg ( Dickin and Doan, 2008 ), fatigue induced by a high-intensity free-weight back-squat exercise ( Thiele et al, 2015 ), lumbar extensor fatigue ( Davidson et al, 2004 ; Pline et al, 2005 ) induced by a trunk extension-flexion exercise on a roman chair ( Parreira et al, 2013 ), cervical muscular fatigue ( Vuillerme et al, 2005 ), and neck musculature fatigue ( Liang et al, 2014 ).…”

“…Although a threshold for posture-destabilizing fatigue-effects does not appear to exist, sizeable and potentially dangerous destabilization does occur when exercise intensity exceeds 50% of VO 2 max ( Nardone et al, 1997 ). Besides fatigue of lower limbs ( Lundin et al, 1993 ; Yaggie and McGregor, 2002 ; Corbeil et al, 2003 ; Dickin and Doan, 2008 ; Pinsault and Vuillerme, 2008 ; Springer and Pincivero, 2009 ; Paillard et al, 2010 ; Gimmon et al, 2011 ; Bisson et al, 2012 ; Chaubet et al, 2012 ; Chaubet and Paillard, 2012 ; Hlavackova and Vuillerme, 2012 ; Magalhães and Kohn, 2012 ; Yu et al, 2014 ; Thiele et al, 2015 ; Barbieri et al, 2019 ), trunk ( Davidson et al, 2004 ; Pline et al, 2005 ; Parreira et al, 2013 ), neck ( Schieppati et al, 2003 ; Vuillerme et al, 2005 ; Liang et al, 2014 ) and whole body ( Nardone et al, 1997 , 1998 ; Zemková et al, 2007 ; Fox et al, 2008 ; Demura and Uchiyama, 2009 ; Springer and Pincivero, 2009 ; Wojciechowska-Maszkowska et al, 2012 ; Wright et al, 2013 ; Hill et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Marcolin et al, 2019 ; Güler et al, 2020 ), also hyperventilation ( Zemková and Hamar, 2003 ; David et al, 2010 , 2015 ; Malakhov et al, 2014 ) and/or increased oxygen uptake ( Bove et al, 2007 ) play a main role in post-exercise postural stability. Other possible physiological mechanisms of post-exercise increase in postural sway include impairments of visual cues, vestibular system and proprioceptive functions ( Lepers et al, 1997 ; Hashiba, 1998 ; Derave et al, 2002 ; Zemková et al, 2007 ; Mello et al, 2009 ), muscle damage ( Twist et al, 2008 ), dehydration ( Derave et al, 1998 ; Lion et al, 2010 ...…”

“…Although a threshold for posture-destabilizing fatigueeffects does not appear to exist, sizeable and potentially dangerous destabilization does occur when exercise intensity exceeds 50% of VO 2 max (Nardone et al, 1997). Besides fatigue of lower limbs (Lundin et al, 1993;Yaggie and McGregor, 2002;Corbeil et al, 2003;Dickin and Doan, 2008;Pinsault and Vuillerme, 2008;Springer and Pincivero, 2009;Paillard et al, 2010;Gimmon et al, 2011;Bisson et al, 2012;Hlavackova and Vuillerme, 2012;Magalhães and Kohn, 2012;Yu et al, 2014;Thiele et al, 2015;Barbieri et al, 2019), trunk (Davidson et al, 2004;Pline et al, 2005;Parreira et al, 2013), neck (Schieppati et al, 2003;Vuillerme et al, 2005;Liang et al, 2014) and whole body (Nardone et al, 1997(Nardone et al, , 1998Zemková et al, 2007;Fox et al, 2008;Demura and Uchiyama, 2009;Springer and Pincivero, 2009;Wojciechowska-Maszkowska et al, 2012;Wright et al, 2013;Hill et al, 2014Hill et al, , 2015Marcolin et al, 2019;Güler et al, 2020), also hyperventilation (Zemková and Hamar, 2003;David et al, 2010David et al, , 2015Malakhov et al, 2014) and/or increased oxygen uptake…”

Postural Balance Control in Sport and Exercise

“…The increase in postural sway was revealed after fatigue of ankle plantar-flexor muscles induced by isokinetic contractions (Lundin et al, 1993;, isometric and isokinetic exercises , repeated plantarflexion of both legs , toe-lift until exhaustion (Pinsault and Vuillerme, 2008), single-leg, weight-bearing heel raises on an inclined platform , repeated standing heel raise exercise (Hlavackova and Vuillerme, 2012), and a calf raise exercise on top of a step . Also fatigue induced by voluntary muscular contraction or electrical stimulation applied to the dorsi-plantar flexor (Yu et al, 2014), the triceps surae (Magalhães and Kohn, 2012), and the quadriceps femoris (Paillard et al, 2010; can impair postural control. Furthermore, it is lower extremity joint (knee, or ankle) and overall fatigue of the dominant leg (Dickin and Doan, 2008), fatigue induced by a high-intensity free-weight back-squat exercise , lumbar extensor fatigue (Davidson et al, 2004;Pline et al, 2005) induced by a trunk extensionflexion exercise on a roman chair (Parreira et al, 2013), cervical muscular fatigue , and neck musculature fatigue (Liang et al, 2014).…”

Efeitos de diferentes frequências da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea em relação à acomodação e à agradabilidade

“…1 É gerada por um aparelho de corrente de baixa frequência do tipo bidirecional e assimétrico que pode variar de 1 a 250 Hz, não provocando ionização. 2 A TENS é aplicada em uma variedade de frequências, intensidades e durações de pulso, sendo que as mais utilizadas são: alta frequência (convencional), baixa frequência (acupuntura), em rajadas (burst) e breve intensa. 3,4 As modalidades, relacionadas com as frequências da corrente, estão diretamente implicadas no mecanismo de ação.…”