The Effect of Treatment during A Haze/Post-Haze Year on Subsequent Respiratory Morbidity Status among Successful Treatment Tuberculosis Cases

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the respiratory morbidity status within the two to three years among successful (completed/cured) treatment of tuberculosis cases during a haze year (2015) and a post-haze year (2016). The study was conducted among 133 cases of a 2015 group and 103 cases of a 2016 group between January to March 2018 in Pekanbaru city, Indonesia. The St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to assess respiratory morbidity status. A higher score corresponds to worse respiratory morbidity. Based on a directed acyclic graph, quantile regression models were constructed to assess the associations between haze/post-haze year and the SGRQ (symptom, activity, impact, and total) domains score. The subsequent respiratory morbidity status of tuberculosis (TB) cases was poorer among respondents treated during a haze year (2015). Among SGRQ domains, only the activity domain score showed significant difference, in which the median for the 2015 group was 23.7 (inter-quartile range (IQR); 17.2, 30.9) compared to 18.4 (IQR; 11.9, 24.8) for the 2016 group. The effect was limited to the 2015 group who were exposed by an average PM10 index ≥ 55 during TB treatment. This raises concern for monitoring and improving the quality of life of TB patients treated during a haze year.

The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

“…Most studies report that age is associated with quality of life [ 5 , 11 , 21 , 22 , 29 ]. However, our study failed to determine if age is associated with quality of life.…”

“…SGRQ reflects perceptions in the current time, whereas question asked [ 29 ]. The answer also depends on the respondent’s awareness and personality background that can be associated with their perceived HRQOL.…”

A scoping review on the health effects of smoke haze from vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia: Issues with study approaches and interpretation

“…Jayachandran (2009) [ 52 ] examined the effects of smoke on infant mortality using an ecological design. Health outcomes other than mortality included clinic/hospital visits and hospitalization due to respiratory diseases [ 32 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 66 , 69 , 76 , 77 , 84 , 85 , 98 – 100 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 61 , 78 , 80 , 99 ], allergic diseases [ 32 , 69 , 76 , 77 ], and lung cancer [ 64 ]. Several studies used information on symptoms obtained from interviews [ 50 , 83 ], questionnaire surveys [ 45 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 75 , 98 ], and reports from haze clinics [ 76 ].…”

“…Health outcomes other than mortality included clinic/hospital visits and hospitalization due to respiratory diseases [ 32 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 66 , 69 , 76 , 77 , 84 , 85 , 98 – 100 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 61 , 78 , 80 , 99 ], allergic diseases [ 32 , 69 , 76 , 77 ], and lung cancer [ 64 ]. Several studies used information on symptoms obtained from interviews [ 50 , 83 ], questionnaire surveys [ 45 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 75 , 98 ], and reports from haze clinics [ 76 ]. Six studies examined lung function [ 53 , 56 , 70 , 90 , 98 , 100 ], two examined cognitive function [ 45 , 75 ], and two examined laboratory tests [ 53 , 70 ].…”

“…The methods of exposure assessment varied according to the study. Binary variables indicating haze exposure are commonly used in analyses [ 51 , 54 , 58 , 61 , 63 – 67 , 69 , 70 , 75 , 98 ]. A haze episode was defined according to a certain cutoff value of PM10 [ 58 , 63 , 66 , 69 ], visibility [ 58 , 64 , 65 ], or aerosol index derived from satellite data [ 51 ].…”