The effect of Trichinella spiralis on muscular activity of experimentally infected mice

Ionică, Angela Monica; Deak, Georgiana; Ursache, Teodor Dan; Lefkaditis, Menelaos; Gherman, Călin Mircea

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2019.102032

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In some cases of biliary fascioliasis, radiological examination may show intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and adult flukes may be detected with ERCP. Nevertheless, the positive detection rate of trichinellosis in the liver sample is low, as adult T. spiralis resides in the intestinal tract and the larvae can be found encapsulated in striated muscle cells, whereas they cannot develop in the liver ( 17 , 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: “Area of Focus” Atypical Trichinellosis and Fascioliasis Coinfection

et al. 2022

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Parasitic co-infection is commonly observed in natural populations, yet rare in the laboratory. Multiparasitism can have negative effects on the host, ranging from the atypical manifestations to increased mortality, consequently, it may be misdiagnosed and treated with unsuitable anthelmintic medicines. Therefore, reliable diagnosis is critical for appropriate treatment of parasitic co-infection. Herein, we report a case of a 31-year-old woman with persistent eosinophilia and hypoechoic liver lesion on ultrasound. The microscopic examination of multiple stool specimens did not find any pathogens. The patient had serum specific anti-Trichinella IgG antibody by Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA). After treatment with albendazole, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed more lesions in the liver. Subsequently, liver biopsy was performed in this patient and Fasciola hepatica was identified using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) as well as polymerase chain reaction. After treatment with triclabendazole, which is the only anthelmintic drug specifically available against this fluke, her eosinophil count returned normal, and the liver lesions were significantly regressed. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by parasitic co-infection, which merits more in-depth evaluation to confirm the diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: “Area of Focus” Atypical Trichinellosis and Fascioliasis Coinfection

et al. 2022

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“…T. spiralis has the unusual capacity to change the infected muscle cells into a different kind of cell in the host's body, the so-called nurse cell [33]. Additionally, the high infectivity of T. spiralis in laboratory animals offers valuable in vivo models for biological, pathological and immunological research [34].…”

Section: Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Trichinella spiralis Larval Extract as a Biological Anti‐Tumor Therapy in a Murine Model of Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma

Younis,

Salama,

Elmehy

et al. 2024

Parasite Immunology

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Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is an immunomodulating parasite that can adversely affect tumor growth and extend host lifespan. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which T. spiralis larval antigens achieve this effect using Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC) murine model. Assessment was done by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of caspase‐3, TNF‐α, Ki‐67 and CD31. Additionally, Bcl2 and Bcl2‐associated protein X (Bax) relative gene expression was assessed by molecular analysis for studying the effect of T. spiralis crude larval extract (CLE) antigen on tumor necrosis, apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. We found that both T. spiralis infection and CLE caused a decrease in the areas of necrosis in ESC. Moreover, they led to increased apoptosis through activation of caspase‐3, up‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic gene, Bax and down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic gene, Bcl2. Also, T. spiralis infection and CLE diminished ESC proliferation, as evidenced by decreasing Ki‐67. T. spiralis infection and CLE were able to suppress the development of ESC by inhibiting tumor proliferation, inducing apoptosis and decreasing tumor necrosis, with subsequent decrease in tumor metastasis. T. spiralis CLE antigen may be considered as a promising complementary immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer.

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“…Administering drugs on day 31 strategically aligns with the matured state of encapsulation, aiming to disrupt this crucial phase in the parasite's life cycle. Targeting this encapsulation phase intends to hinder the completion of the life cycle, minimizing the potential for sustained infection and transmission (Marian et al, 2020). Albendazole ® (Alzental) was obtained from the Egyptian International Pharmaceutical Industries.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light microscopical and parasitological analyses revealed the beneficial effects of silver nanoparticles and various myrrh extracts against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Elossily,

Abd‐ELrahman,

Khedr

et al. 2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Trichinella spiralis infection is a food‐borne zoonotic disease caused by nematodes that dwell in the tissues, presenting a significant public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), myrrh biosynthesized AgNPs “AgNPs synthesized using plant‐based green technologies”, myrrh extract, and myrrh essential oil, as alternative treatments against T. spiralis infection. Parasitological, histopathological, and cytotoxicity assessments were conducted to investigate the effects of various concentrations of these treatments in reducing the populations of adult worms and larvae during both the intestinal and muscular phases of T. spiralis‐infected mice. The results showed that the highest antihelminthic efficacy against the intestinal phase of T. spiralis was achieved by myrrh extract (86.66%), followed closely by AgNPs (84.96%) and myrrh AgNPs (82.51%) at higher concentrations (800 mg/kg for myrrh extract, 40 μg/mL for AgNPs, and 40 μg/mL for myrrh AgNPs). While the group treated with myrrh essential oil showed the lowest percentage of adult reduction (78.14%). However, all treatments demonstrated comparable effects in reducing the larvae population in the muscle phase. Histopathological examination of the tissues revealed compelling evidence of the effectiveness of AgNPs, particularly when prepared with myrrh. Additionally, a comprehensive assessment of the cytotoxicity of AgNPs indicated low toxicity levels. This study supports that AgNPs synthesized using plant‐based green technologies hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of T. spiralis infection. These findings present a promising avenue for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs that are both effective and safe.Research Highlights Myrrh extract has the highest antihelminthic efficacy against the intestinal phase of T. spiralis. Histopathological examination of the tissues revealed compelling evidence of the effectiveness of AgNPs, particularly when prepared with myrrh. During intestinal phase of T. spiralis, varying levels of nanoparticle precipitation were detected in the liver, brain, lung, and intestine. During the muscular phase, the highest amount of AgNPs precipitation was detected in the liver, followed by the brain, and lung.

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The effect of Trichinella spiralis on muscular activity of experimentally infected mice

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Case Report: “Area of Focus” Atypical Trichinellosis and Fascioliasis Coinfection

Case Report: “Area of Focus” Atypical Trichinellosis and Fascioliasis Coinfection

Trichinella spiralis Larval Extract as a Biological Anti‐Tumor Therapy in a Murine Model of Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma

Light microscopical and parasitological analyses revealed the beneficial effects of silver nanoparticles and various myrrh extracts against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

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