The effect of trichlorfon and methylazoxymethanol on the development of guinea pig cerebellum

Mehl, Anna; Schanke, Tore M.; Torvik, Ansgar; Fonnum, Frode

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.10.024

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In humans, gross brain volumetric changes measurable by MR anatomical scans have been observed as a result of prenatal exposure to sub-acute doses of CPF (Rauh et al 2012). Earlier histological studies on prenatal exposure of guinea pigs to the related OP compound trichlorfon revealed a severe reduction in brain weight and hypoplasia of the cerebellar cortex in the affected animals(Mehl et al 1994, 2007). The prenatal period examined in the present study is a peak time for brain growth in guinea pigs, particularly in the frontal and striatal areas (Dobbing and Sands 1970; Kalaria and Prince 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is likely due to the sensitive developmental stage the fetal brain was engaged in at the time of exposure. In terms of neurodevelopmental timing, Guinea pigs and humans are both precocial species and thus comparable in the timing of neurodevelopment, with the “brain growth spurt” occuring prenatally (Altman and Das 1967; Mehl et al 2007). It is during this rapid period of prenatal growth that the developing brain tissue is most vulnerable to disruption through interaction with an external agent (Eriksson 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prenatal exposure of guinea pigs to the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos disrupts the structural and functional integrity of the brain

Mullins¹,

Xu²,

Pereira³

et al. 2015

NeuroToxicology

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This study was designed to test the hypothesis that prenatal exposure of guinea pigs to the organophosphorus (OP) pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) disrupts the structural and functional integrity of the brain. Pregnant guinea pigs were injected with chlorpyrifos (20 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (peanut oil) once per day for ten consecutive days, starting approximately on the 50th day of gestation. Cognitive behavior of female offspring was examined starting at 40–45 post-natal days (PND) using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), and brain structural integrity was analyzed at PND 70 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, including T2-weighted anatomical scans and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI). The offspring of exposed mothers had significantly decreased body weight and brain volume, particularly in the frontal regions of the brain including the striatum. Furthermore, the offspring demonstrated significant spatial learning deficits in MWM recall compared to the vehicle group. Diffusion measures revealed reduced white matter integrity within the striatum and amygdala that correlated with spatial learning performance. These findings reveal the lasting effect of pre-natal exposure to CPF as well as the danger of mother to child transmission of CPF in the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure of guinea pigs to the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos disrupts the structural and functional integrity of the brain

Mullins¹,

Xu²,

Pereira³

et al. 2015

NeuroToxicology

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“…They are the most frequently used in many cultures, at various stages of cultivation, as common insecticides, in order to control insect and arthropod pests on vegetable crops together with the increase of crop yields [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Among the organophosphorous pesticides, trichlorfon [O,O-dimethyl-(2, 2, 2-trichloro-1-hydroxy ethyl)-phosphonate] is one of the most popular, being ex-tensively used in agriculture since 1952 as a broad spectrum insecticide [2,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. One of the major problems of agriculture which must be solved refers to the controlled use of pesticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Materials with Pesticide Delivery Properties

Răileanu¹,

Todan²,

Crışan³

et al. 2010

JEP

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Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, although they may create hazards both to humans and to the environment. In order to reduce the harmful effects of their administration, there has been made a great effort to find solutions. The porous sol-gel silica materials which are able to entrap different organic molecules represent new studied controlled release carriers. The aim of the present work was to prepare and characterize sol-gel composites based on trichlorfon as organophosphorous pesticide embedded in silica matrices generated from three different SiO2 sources: tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), colloidal silica (CS), and sodium silicate (SS). Similar samples to those containing only trichlorfon have also been synthesised, in which α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin have been included in order to study the possibility of improving the release of the pesticide from the silica matrices. The porous sol-gel silica materials generated from TEOS and CS are able to entrap the trichlorfon and ensure an efficient delivery of the pesticide. In the absence of cyclodextrins, better results are obtained in the case of TEOS precursor, compared to colloidal silica. The addition of cyclodextrins in order to improve the release of the pesticide from the silica matrices was successful only in the case of CS as SiO2 precursor. The best release of the pesticide was obtained with β-CD

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“…In previous animal studies of the potential reproductive, developmental toxicity, as well as mutagenic effects of trichlorfon have been documented 6,[11][12][13][20][21][22][23] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Trichlorfon on Maternal Reproduction and Mouse Embryo Development during Organogenesis

et al. 2009

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The organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon is a widely used agricultural broad spectrum insecticide. The health effects on a developing fetus of low level exposure to trichlorofon ingested by the mother in contaminated foods are unclear. We assessed reproductive and developmental toxicity in pregnant female mice following gavage-administered exposure to distilled water or to low levels (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight/d) of trichlorofon during organogenesis (gestation days 6-15). Following sacrifice on day 17, reproductive outcomes and teratogenesis were assessed. Trichlorfon exposure did not affect maternal weight gain, organ weights, corpora lutea, implantation sites, or reproductive success, nor where external or skeletal abnormalities evident. The lack of effects of trichlorfon on any in vivo reproductive and fetuses endpoints above suggested that for trichlorfon, a hazard of reproductive toxicity below 50 mg/kg body weight/d maybe not expected. However, a well-designed epidemiological study is necessary for further risk assessment of human developing fetus exposed to trichlorfon at a lower level.

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The effect of trichlorfon and methylazoxymethanol on the development of guinea pig cerebellum

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Prenatal exposure of guinea pigs to the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos disrupts the structural and functional integrity of the brain

Prenatal exposure of guinea pigs to the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos disrupts the structural and functional integrity of the brain

Sol-Gel Materials with Pesticide Delivery Properties

The Effects of Trichlorfon on Maternal Reproduction and Mouse Embryo Development during Organogenesis

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