The effect of trunk and shank position on the hip-to-knee moment ratio in a bilateral squat

Graber, Kerri A; Halverstadt, Anne; Gill, Simone V.; Kulkarni, Varsha S.; Lewis, Cara L.

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.03.005

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Compared to baseline, the trunk was more flexed at follow-up during squat descent in the PHT group, and during ascent for both groups. A previous study reported that with increasing trunk flexion and decreasing anterior knee motion across a cohort squatting using their preferred strategy, internal hip and knee extension moments increased and decreased, respectively ( Graber et al, 2023 ). During squatting, the external hip flexion moment is balanced by an internal hip extension moment, primarily generated by muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squatting biomechanics following physiotherapist-led care or hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: a secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial

Grant,

Saxby,

Pizzolato

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) can cause hip pain and chondrolabral damage that may be managed non-operatively or surgically. Squatting motions require large degrees of hip flexion and underpin many daily and sporting tasks but may cause hip impingement and provoke pain. Differential effects of physiotherapist-led care and arthroscopy on biomechanics during squatting have not been examined previously. This study explored differences in 12-month changes in kinematics and moments during squatting between patients with FAIS treated with a physiotherapist-led intervention (Personalised Hip Therapy, PHT) and arthroscopy. Methods A subsample (n = 36) of participants with FAIS enrolled in a multi-centre, pragmatic, two-arm superiority randomised controlled trial underwent three-dimensional motion analysis during squatting at baseline and 12-months following random allocation to PHT (n = 17) or arthroscopy (n = 19). Changes in time-series and peak trunk, pelvis, and hip biomechanics, and squat velocity and maximum depth were explored between treatment groups. Results No significant differences in 12-month changes were detected between PHT and arthroscopy groups. Compared to baseline, the arthroscopy group squatted slower at follow-up (descent: mean difference −0.04 m∙s−1 (95%CI [−0.09 to 0.01]); ascent: −0.05 m∙s−1 [−0.11 to 0.01]%). No differences in squat depth were detected between or within groups. After adjusting for speed, trunk flexion was greater in both treatment groups at follow-up compared to baseline (descent: PHT 7.50° [−14.02 to −0.98]%; ascent: PHT 7.29° [−14.69 to 0.12]%, arthroscopy 16.32° [−32.95 to 0.30]%). Compared to baseline, both treatment groups exhibited reduced anterior pelvic tilt (descent: PHT 8.30° [0.21–16.39]%, arthroscopy −10.95° [−5.54 to 16.34]%; ascent: PHT −7.98° [−0.38 to 16.35]%, arthroscopy −10.82° [3.82–17.81]%), hip flexion (descent: PHT −11.86° [1.67–22.05]%, arthroscopy −16.78° [8.55–22.01]%; ascent: PHT −12.86° [1.30–24.42]%, arthroscopy −16.53° [6.72–26.35]%), and knee flexion (descent: PHT −6.62° [0.56– 12.67]%; ascent: PHT −8.24° [2.38–14.10]%, arthroscopy −8.00° [−0.02 to 16.03]%). Compared to baseline, the PHT group exhibited more plantarflexion during squat ascent at follow-up (−3.58° [−0.12 to 7.29]%). Compared to baseline, both groups exhibited lower external hip flexion moments at follow-up (descent: PHT −0.55 N∙m/BW∙HT[%] [0.05–1.05]%, arthroscopy −0.84 N∙m/BW∙HT[%] [0.06–1.61]%; ascent: PHT −0.464 N∙m/BW∙HT[%] [−0.002 to 0.93]%, arthroscopy −0.90 N∙m/BW∙HT[%] [0.13–1.67]%). Conclusion Exploratory data suggest at 12-months follow-up, neither PHT or hip arthroscopy are superior at eliciting changes in trunk, pelvis, or lower-limb biomechanics. Both treatments may induce changes in kinematics and moments, however the implications of these changes are unknown. Trial registration details Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry reference: ACTRN12615001177549. Trial registered 2/11/2015.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squatting biomechanics following physiotherapist-led care or hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: a secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial

Grant,

Saxby,

Pizzolato

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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“…These limitations are important to consider as they can be regarded as potential risk factors for injuries in the lower extremities. Among the advantages of the squat movement, it can serve as a tool for assessing and preventing lower extremity injuries, including patellofemoral syndrome, anterior cruciate ligament injury, and meniscal degeneration [6,[11][12][13][14]. Furthermore, it's worth noting that the positioning of the trunk during the squat movement has been demonstrated to impact the knee extensor muscle action [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scapular Kinematics in Overhead Squat with and without Elastic Resistance: Insights from Kinetic Chain Approach and Therapeutic Implications for Shoulder Rehabilitation

Salles,

Pascoal

2023

Preprint

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The overhead squat movement engages various bodily structures, and its interaction with three-dimensional elastic resistance along the kinetic chain approach remains insufficiently comprehended. This study aimed to describe the scapular kinematics during an overhead squat with the forearm in a supination exercise against an ER and clarify the therapeutic potential of this exercise on scapular rehabilitation. Using an electromagnetic tracking system, we recorded the three-dimensional shoulder kinematics of 19 male participants across seven humeral elevation positions. These positions were captured at 15-degree intervals, spanning from 30 to 120 degrees. The results indicated notable distinctions in scapular upward rotation [F(1,17)=6.09, p=0.024] and scapular posterior tilt [F(1,17)=6.04, p=0.025] between the phases. Furthermore, the interactions revealed significant differences in resistance and phases during humeral elevation for scapular upward/downward rotation [F(3.77,62.48)=7.99, p&lt;0.001], scapular internal/external rotation [F(2.98, 50.64, p&lt;0.001)], and scapular tilt [F(2.58, 43.81)=4.76, p=0.008]. The findings demonstrated that increasing resistance through elastic resistance played a pivotal role in enhancing scapular stability throughout the humerus elevation motion. This underscores the potential of the overhead squat movement as a valuable tool for both shoulder assessment and treatment.

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Squatting in adolescents with unilateral and bilateral hip dysplasia

Anable,

Luginsland,

Stevens

et al. 2025

Clinical Biomechanics

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The effect of trunk and shank position on the hip-to-knee moment ratio in a bilateral squat

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Squatting biomechanics following physiotherapist-led care or hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: a secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial

Squatting biomechanics following physiotherapist-led care or hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: a secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial

Scapular Kinematics in Overhead Squat with and without Elastic Resistance: Insights from Kinetic Chain Approach and Therapeutic Implications for Shoulder Rehabilitation

Squatting in adolescents with unilateral and bilateral hip dysplasia

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