The effect of tumor volume on survival in renal cell carcinoma patients

Abstract

480R enal cell carcinoma (RCC) constitutes 85% of all primary malignant tumors arising from kidney and nearly 3% of adult cancers (1-6). Approximately 20%-30% of patients diagnosed with RCC have metastasis at the time of diagnosis (1). In patients with recurrent RCC, progression of the disease, the period of survival, and the disease process can be predicted owing to many morphological, clinical, histological, and molecular parameters (3). The prognostic markers of RCC include tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage as morphological marker; histological type, nuclear grade, tumor necrosis, and sarcomatoid change as histological markers; and factors such as adhesion molecules, molecules stimulating immune response, growth factor receptors, and molecules inducing hypoxia as molecular and genetic markers (3). Clinical and laboratory prognostic factors are represented by the following parameters: patient performance at tumor presentation, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocyte count, as well as serum calcium, hemoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Among these, tumor stage, grade, and patient performance are the most widely used. Many studies on molecular and cytogenetic markers have been performed but none has been found to be better than tumor stage and nuclear grade to estimate prognosis. For this reason, efforts for determining new prognostic factors that indicate the proliferation and progression of RCC still persist (2-4). Several trials have been conducted concerning the diameter of tumors in RCC; however, few trials exist regarding the tumor volume. Tumor volume calculated using three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques is accepted as independent marker in predicting the outcome in pharyngolaryngeal, lung, and breast cancers (5). Tumor volume is the basic criterion for deciding the treatment outcome in radiotherapy (7). Measuring the volume of brain tumors allows making decision on the prognosis and treatment of the patient (8).The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of tumor volume on prognosis and the relation of tumor volume to other prognostic markers in patients with RCC. Materials and methodsThe study included 46 retrospectively assessed patients (32 males and 14 females; mean age, 58.13±10.47 years; age range, 33-81 years) who underwent surgery between January 2002 and January 2009 and received a diagnosis of RCC. Considering January 1, 2009 as the deadline, the clinical information and the last health status of all patients were obtained from the hospital information system and/or by contacting the patients or their relatives who agreed to communicate by phone. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of our institution. GENITOURINARY IMAGING ORIGINAL ARTICLE The effect of tumor volume on survival in patients with renal cell carcinomaMustafa Seçil, Neşat Çullu, Güven Aslan, Uğur Mungan, Fatma Uysal, Burçin Tuna, Kutsal Yörükoğlu MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study included 46 retrospectively assessed patients with RCC (32 males and 14 females; mean age, 58.13±10.47 years) ...

Comparison of Three-dimensional Calculated Tumor Size, Radiologic Tumor Size, and Pathologic Tumor Size in Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…Seçil et al, measured the radiologic tumor volume (RTV) with the help of a View-Forum workstation that can process 3D images. 17 In another study, RTV was measured with the help of a medical imaging processing system for measurements of volumetric. 18 Choi et al, measured the RTV using Xelis software.…”

“…Similarly, Seçil et al, reported that when RTV rises, the Fuhrman grade also rises for whole patients. 17 Choi et al, found that RTV correlated with pathologic grade. 9 Our study had some limitations.…”

Tumor Size-Dependent Anticancer Efficacy of Chlorin Derivatives for Photodynamic Therapy

“…Tumor volume changes shown in Figure 6 clearly indicate that early treatment (small-size initial tumors) is important to obtain remarkable therapeutic effect [35][36][37]. Therefore, late treatment (largesize initial tumors) may be effective in PDT only with higher drug and light doses.…”

“…is highly affected by tumor sizes, such as 92.0% for ≤110 cm 3 and 62.2% for >110 cm 3 [35]. William Jr.…”

“…Although anticancer efficacy of PDT in various animal models of cancer have been reported, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of PDT according to tumor size has not yet been investigated using tumor animal models. According to clinical reports, there is a remarkable correlation between response rate after PDT and tumor size [17,[34][35][36][37]. For early esophageal cancers, it was reported that when the tumor size is up to 1 cm, PDT results in complete regression in 100% patients.…”