The effect of two handling and slaughter systems on skin damage, meat acidification and colour in pigs

Faucitano, L.; Marquardt, Liliane; Oliveira, Mari Silvia Rodrigues de; Coelho, Helena S.; Terra, Nelcindo Nascimento

doi:10.1016/s0309-1740(98)00008-4

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Bruises are also an important source of information about animal welfare, and they are described as such in pigs (de Koning, 1985;Faucitano et al, 1998;Lambooij, 2000), poultry (Mayes, 1980;Gregory, 1994;Nijdam et al, 2004;Broom and Reefmann, 2005), rabbits (Liste et al, 2009), deer (Jago et al, 1996;Matthews, 2000), sheep (Cockram and Lee, 1991;Jarvis and Cockram, 1994;Tarumá n and Gallo, 2008) and horses (Grandin et al, 1999). In cattle, the observation of bruising is used to determine whether animal welfare is sub-optimal (Strappini et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of bruises in carcasses of cows sourced from farms or from livestock markets

Strappini

Frankena

Metz

et al. 2012

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bruises in cattle develop after the application of force, and they provide evidence for sub-optimal animal welfare. The aim of this study was to describe the gross characteristics of bruises in cows arriving at the slaughterhouse directly from farms or through the livestock market. The number of bruises and their distribution on the carcass as well as their severity, shape, size and colour were assessed post mortem in a slaughterhouse in Chile. A total of 258 cow carcasses were evaluated, and a total of 846 bruises were found on 243 of the carcasses. Cows that had passed through a livestock market (M-carcasses) had in total 563 bruises (mean 3.8 bruises/carcass, s.d. 2.0), whereas cows transported directly from farms (F-carcasses) had in total 283 bruises (mean 2.5 bruises/ carcass, s.d. 1.8). The backs of F-carcasses had twice as many bruises as M-carcasses (32.9% and 16.2%, respectively), whereas bruises in the rib area were more frequently observed in M-carcasses (13.1%) than in F-carcasses (8.1%). Superficial bruises (grade 1) were the most frequently observed (66.2% of all bruises). Regarding the size of the bruises, 64 (7.6%) were classified as large, 271 (32.0%) as medium and 511 (60.4%) as small. Irregularly shaped bruises were the most frequent (91.1%, n 5 771), followed by linear (3.8%, n 5 32), circular (3.1%, n 5 26) and tramline-shaped bruises (1.9%, n 5 16). The latter were noticed only in M-carcasses, which may indicate that these animals were beaten more frequently with sticks or other rod-shaped objects. Fresh, bright red-coloured bruises were found more frequently on all the animals (69.5% from farms and 70.5% from market) compared with bluish (29.7% and 29.3%, respectively) and yellow bruises (0.4% and 0.2%, respectively). The method of selling was significantly associated with the number of bruises on the carcass (P , 0.001) and the anatomical site (P , 0.05), but not with the severity, shape and colour of the bruises. Increased fat coverage reduced the severity of bruises (P , 0.001). This study shows that, in Chile, market animals have more bruises than those sourced directly from farms, and their distribution is different. More information about the causes of infliction may help reduce bruises and it may also improve their welfare. Further studies are required to elucidate whether the causes of the high bruising in the case of animals passing through markets are related only to extra handling (repeated loading, unloading, transportation, eventual mixing) or to the way of handling by personnel and inadequate design.Keywords: bruises, markets, farms, cattle, welfare ImplicationsBruises are subcutaneous lesions that become visible after the skin has been removed during the dressing of a carcass, and they are indicators of sub-optimal welfare conditions during the pre-slaughter period. Characteristics of bruises such as size, colour, shape and grade may provide information about the extent of sub-optimal welfare. In our study, we compared bruises on the carcasses of cows obtained from two type...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of bruises in carcasses of cows sourced from farms or from livestock markets

Strappini

Frankena

Metz

et al. 2012

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A utilização do gene halotano em programas de genética suína ainda é um assunto muito controvertido entre os pesquisadores da comunidade científica internacional, porém parece haver um consenso de que o incremento em carne magra proporcionado por este gene deprime as caracterís-ticas qualitativas da carne [9,14,16,18,23,22,35].…”

Section: 7567unclassified

“…Suínos portadores do genótipo (Nn) ou (nn) tendem a apresentar maiores níveis de cortisol, CPK e lactato quando comparados aos animais com genótipo livre do gene halotano [12,13,14,16,18,19,23,24,30].…”

Section: 7567unclassified

“…A Influência do gene halotano na qualidade final da carne associada a indicadores sanguíneos de estresse também foi estudada por ALLISON [1]; CHANNON, PAYNE & WARNER [9]; FÀBREGA et al [14]; FERNANDEZ et al [16]; GISPERT et al [18]; ANDERSSON & HANSSON, [22]; WARRIS, KOCWIN-PODSIADLA et al [23]; ROSENVOLD & ANDERSEN, [29]; SHAW & TROUT [32]; STOIER et al [33]; SUTTON et al [35]; BROWN & ADAMS [39].…”

Section: 7567unclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Avaliação de diferentes híbridos suínos submetidos à insensibilização elétrica e gasosa (CO2). Parte 1: mensuração de indicadores sanguíneos de estresse

Bertoloni¹,

Silveira²,

Ludtke³

et al. 2006

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

resumoSuínos provenientes de três linhagens genéticas A, B e C comercializadas no Brasil, com peso vivo de 100 a 120 kg foram submetidos ao insensibilizador elétrico manual (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) Hz e 1,4 -1,5 A) e ao sistema gasoso coletivo (COMBI-BUTINA 90% CO 2 ). Alíquotas sanguíneas, para determinação dos níveis de creatina fosfoquinase (CPK), lactato e cortisol, assim como amostras do músculo semimembranosus (10 g) para a determinação do gene halotano, foram coletadas. Comparando-se os sistemas de insensibilização elétrico e gasoso (CO 2 ), o elétrico demonstrou ser mais estressante, proporcionando maiores concentrações plasmáticas de cortisol (p ≤ 0,001) e lactato (p ≤ 0,001) para as linhagens genéticas A e C, nas condições estudadas, porém não se observou diferenças significativas para os indicadores sanguíneos e sistemas de insensibilização em questão quando a linhagem B foi considerada. Diferenças significativas entre as linhagens genéticas A, B e C foram obtidas comparando-se os valores plasmáticos de creatina fosfoquinase (p ≤ 0,001), lactato (p ≤ 0,001) e cortisol (p ≤ 0,001) quando atordoados com o sistema gasoso, entretanto, quando o sistema elétrico foi utilizado, somente os valores de cortisol apresentaram diferenças significativas (p ≤ 0,001). A presença do gene halotano (Nn) foi observada somente na linhagem B. PAlAvrAs-chAve: insensibilização, bem-estar animal, suínos, estresse. summArY EVALUATION OF PIG HYBRIDS STUNNED WITH ELECTRICAL AND GASEOUS (CO 2 ) SYSTEMS. PART 1 -BLOOD STRESS INDICATORS.Pigs of three genetics lineages A, B and C marketed in Brazil, with alive weight from 100 to 120 kg were submitted to the manual electric stunning (Karl Schermer 220-230/250 volts, 45-60 Hz and 1.4 -1.5 A) and to the collective gaseous system (COMBI-BUTINA 90% CO 2 ). Blood samples, for levels determination of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate and cortisol, as well as samples of the semimembranosus muscle (10 g) for the determination of the gene halothane, were collected. Being compared the electric and gaseous stunning systems, the electric stunning did demonstrate to be more stressful providing larger plasmatic concentrations of cortisol ( p ≤ 0.001) and lactate ( p ≤ 0.001) for the genetic lineages A and C, in the studied conditions. However it didn't observe significant differences beween the sanguine indicators and stunning systems in subject when the lineage B was considered. Significant differences among the genetic lineages A, B and C were obtained being compared the plasmatic values of creatine phosphokinase (p ≤ 0.001), lactate (p ≤ 0.001) and cortisol (p ≤ 0.001) when stunned with the gaseous system, however when the electric system was used only the cortisol values presented significant differences (p ≤ 0.001). The presence of the gene halothane (Nn) was only observed in the lineage B.

show abstract

“…Na tentativa de avaliar a eficácia dos sistemas de insensibilização elétrico e gasoso (CO 2 ) e suas interações com o manejo pré-abate, qualidade de carne e bem-estar de suí-nos, o estudo dos índices de salpicamento da musculatura, escoriações da pele e fraturas ósseas tem sido realizado por diversos autores como: WOTTON et al [39]; HUNTER et al [26]; GEVERINK et al [21]; BARTON-GADE [3]; CHRISTENSEN & BARTON-GADE [14]; BARTON-GADE & CHRISTENSEN [6]; FAUCITANO et al [16]; FRANQUEZA et al [19]; GUISE et al [23]; VELARDE et al, [34]; WARRIS et al [36,37]; BARTON-GADE [4,5]; BARTON-GADE & CHRISTENSEN [7]; CHANNON, PAYNE & WARNER [10, 11 e 12]; GISPERT et al [22]; MURRAY [30]; VELARDE et al [35]; STROIER et al [32].…”

Section: -Introduçãounclassified

Avaliação de diferentes híbridos suínos submetidos à insensibilização elétrica e gasosa (CO2). Parte 3: mensurações visuais de qualidade

Bertoloni¹,

Silveira²,

Costa³

et al. 2006

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

resumoTrês linhagens genética suína A, B e C comercializadas no Brasil, foram submetidas ao insensibilizador elétrico manual (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) Hz e 1,4 -1,5 A) e ao sistema gasoso coletivo (COMBI-BUTINA 90% CO 2 ) . A insensibilização elétrica proporcionou níveis mais elevados de salpicamento nas regiões do coxão mole (0,477 e 0,26, p ≤ 0,01), paleta/cranial (0,154 e 0,039, p ≤ 0,05), paleta/central (0,261 e 0,052, p ≤ 0,001), paleta/caudal (0,180 e 0,030, p ≤ 0,01), lombo/ central (0,185 e 0,065, p ≤ 0,01), lombo/caudal (0,06 e 0,207, p ≤ 0,01) e lombo/lateral externa (0,061 e 0,013, p ≤ 0,05), assim como salpicamento mais difuso nas regiões do coxão-mole (0,461 e 0,279, p ≤ 0,05), paleta/cranial (0,154 e 0,039, p ≤ 0,01), paleta/central (0,231 e 0,039, p ≤ 0,001) e paleta/caudal (0,185 e 0,026, p ≤ 0,001). O sistema elétrico também proporcionou maiores índices de escoriações da pele nas regiões da paleta (1,098 e 0,795, p ≤ 0,001), corpo (1,04 e 0,948, p ≤ 0,05) e pernil (0,84 e 0,68, p ≤ 0,001), assim como elevados índices de reflexo palpebral (11,57%) comparativamente ao gasoso (2,86%), de um total de 426 suínos. Pequenos índices de fraturas ósseas e contusões musculares em animais de ambos os sistemas foram observados. Palavras-chave: sistemas de insensibilização, bem-estar animal, qualidade. The electric stunning also provided higher skin damage levels in the areas of the shoulder (1.098 and 0.795, p ≤ 0.001), body (1.04 and 0.948, p ≤ 0.05) and ham (0.84 and 0.68, p ≤ 0.001), as well as higher eyelid reflex levels (11.57%) comparatively to the gaseous system (2.86%) of a total of 426 pigs. Small indexes of bone fractures and muscle bruises were found in both systems.

show abstract

The effect of two handling and slaughter systems on skin damage, meat acidification and colour in pigs

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Characteristics of bruises in carcasses of cows sourced from farms or from livestock markets

Characteristics of bruises in carcasses of cows sourced from farms or from livestock markets

Avaliação de diferentes híbridos suínos submetidos à insensibilização elétrica e gasosa (CO2). Parte 1: mensuração de indicadores sanguíneos de estresse

Avaliação de diferentes híbridos suínos submetidos à insensibilização elétrica e gasosa (CO2). Parte 3: mensurações visuais de qualidade

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About