The Effect of Ultrasonic Instrumentation on Root Surfaces

Subgingival instrumentation to remove simulated plaque in vitro: influence of operators’ experience and type of instrument

“…In the present study, the handling of each instrument and the instrument type itself was found to be reflected by the morphology of the root destruction as well. Hand instruments were used in vertically overlapping strokes [17], producing rather smooth surfaces with more general substance loss, whereas ultrasonic and sonic instrumentation resulted in a stippled, chessboard-like surface, with localized deep craters [33,34] (Fig. 2).…”

Efficiency of subgingival calculus removal with the Vector™‐system compared to ultrasonic scaling and hand instrumentation in vitro

“…All ultrasonic instruments were used with continuous adaptation to the root surface. This should have resulted in a lateral pressure of approximately 0.75 N (17). The results of the preliminary survey are in accordance with this assessment.…”

Effect of Loading on the Vibration Characteristics of Thin Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Scaler Inserts

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] All of these studies examined the influence of different variables including the power setting, the amount of load applied, and the angle that the scaling tip makes with the tooth surface. However, variability of the tips has not been fully assessed (in the majority of studies, the same ultrasonic scaling insert was used throughout the investigation).…”

“…7 The introduction of the SLV has made it possible to achieve non-contacting measurements for quantifying the displacement amplitude of ultrasonic scaling tips. 8,9 Several studies have assessed the effects of ultrasonic scalers on the root surface under loading [10][11][12][13][14][15] (Table 4). Loading forces ranged from 0.2 to 4 N, while alterations of the root surface ranged from minimal to severe.…”