The effect of ultrasonic vibration on nickel electrodeposition

Prasad, P. S. Sai; Vasudevan, R.; Seshadri, S.K.; Ahila, S.

doi:10.1016/0167-577x(93)90125-h

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…We used potentiostatic (i.e., constant potential) mode to ensure that only noble metals will be deposited on the electrode; in galvanostatic mode the potential of the electrode is increasing over time to sustain the set current; therefore, side reactions may take place and codeposit impurities on the surface of the electrodes. 45 The electrodeposited films need to exhibit low porosity to eliminate the exposure of the substrate. Previous research studies suggested that dense electrodeposits that exhibit low porosity are obtained at low values of negative potential because the rate of nucleation is high and the rate of crystal growth is lower.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In industrial settings, galvanostatic (i.e., constant current) mode is preferred because (i) two-electrode systems are typically simpler than three-electrode systems and (ii) the deposition time determines the thickness of the metal deposit. We used potentiostatic (i.e., constant potential) mode to ensure that only noble metals will be deposited on the electrode; in galvanostatic mode the potential of the electrode is increasing over time to sustain the set current; therefore, side reactions may take place and codeposit impurities on the surface of the electrodes …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose to use both because the rate of electrodeposition is higher when both methods are used (Figure S7), and we experimentally concluded that the quality of the electrodeposits is better and no “failing points” or pores on the structures are observed (Figure S8). Ultrasonication is particularly helpful in the electroplating of structures of complex geometry because (i) the shock waves and macroturbulence formed in the solution during ultrasonication (from collapse of vacuum bubbles and development of pressure differences up to 1000 atm) , ensure the replenishment of the plating solution even at the least accessible points of the 3-D structures (e.g., junction points of different wires), (ii) it removes any gases (e.g., H 2 , HCN) that might influence the morphology of the electrodeposit by cavitation resulting in reduced porosity and residual stress, smoother deposits, and increased microhardness and (iii) experimental data we obtained suggest that it increases the electrodeposition rate (a higher electroplating current was observed when ultrasonication was used (Figure S7)), so it shortens the duration of the electrodeposition step.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inexpensive, Three-Dimensional, Open-Cell, Fluid-Permeable, Noble-Metal Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrocatalysis

Kazi

Routsi

Kaur

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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This study describes the fabrication of three-dimensional, open-cell, noble-metal (Au, Ag, and Pt) electrodes that have a complex geometry, i.e., wire mesh, metallic foam, "origami" wire mesh, and helix wire mesh. The electrodes were fabricated using an ultrasonication-assisted electroplating method that deposits a thin, continuous, and defect-free layer of noble metal (i.e., Au, Ag, or Pt) on an inexpensive copper substrate that has the desired geometry. The method is inexpensive, easy to use, and capable of fabricating noble-metal electrodes of complex geometries that cannot be fabricated using established techniques like screen printing or physical vapor deposition. By minimizing the amount of the pure noble metal in the electrodes, their cost drops significantly and could become low enough even for single-use applications; for example, the cost of metal in a Au wire-mesh electrode is $0.007/cm 2 of exposed area that is about 400 times lower than that of a wire-mesh electrode composed entirely of Au. The electrodes exhibit an almost identical electrochemical performance to noble-metal electrodes of similar shape composed of bulk noble metal; therefore, these electrodes could replace two-dimensional noble-metal electrodes (e.g., rods, disks, foils) in numerous electroanalytical and electrocatalytical systems or even allow the use of noble-metal electrodes in new applications such as flow-based electrochemical systems. In this study, wire-mesh and metallic foam noble-metal electrodes have been successfully used as working electrodes for the electrocatalytical oxidation of methanol and for the electrochemical detection of redox mediators, lead ions, and nitrobenzene using various electroanalytical techniques.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inexpensive, Three-Dimensional, Open-Cell, Fluid-Permeable, Noble-Metal Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrocatalysis

Kazi

Routsi

Kaur

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Ultrasonic irradiation with high intensity has exhibited both chemical and physical effects on electrochemical process, i.e. mass-transport enhancement 24 , surface cleaning, radical formation, instantaneous nucleation behavior 25 , as well as decreasing cathode polarization and increasing exchange current density [26][27][28][29] . In fact, the ultrasonic actions bring two important effects: cavitation and acoustic streaming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Multilayered Ni Coatings by Ultrasound-assisted Electrodeposition

Xing

Niu³

et al. 2020

Mat. Res.

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Multilayered Ni coatings were successfully deposited on martensitic stainless-steel substrates by electrodeposition method with intermittent ultrasound. It is a novel kind of multilayered microstructure of stacked-up sandwiches, whose compositions of each monolayer are the same to those of its adjacent layers. The grains of ordinary Ni layers are columnar, vertically to the substrate surface, but the grains of ultrasonic Ni layers grow parallel along the substrate surface. By multilayered structure, the pinholes running through the coating were obviously inhibited, because the multilayered Ni coating can cover the whole surface of the substrate without the direct pinhole passages down to the substrate. Therefore, its corrosion mechanism is the uniform corrosion. For the ordinary Ni coating, the direct corrosion on the substrate can occur through the pinholes, which are the convenient passages for corrosive media to reach the substrate easily. This behavior can lead to the Fe/Ni galvanic corrosion, coating adhesion reduction, and quick formation of coating cracks in the ordinary Ni coating.

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“…A high proportion of unwanted loosely attached sediments deposited on the thin films can be removed [8]. Ultrasonic field has improved the coating surface at the same time reduced the coating time due to higher plating current efficiencies [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface morphology of Ni-Fe thin films grown on copper substrates using pulse electrodeposition in ultrasonic field

Balachandran

Yow

Ong

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics

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Nickel-Iron (Ni-Fe) thin films were pulse-electrodeposited on copper (Cu) substrates under galvanostatic mode in the presence/absence of an ultrasonic field. The as-prepared thin films were characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results confirmed the deposition of NiFe on Cu substrates and the crystallite size calculated from Scherrer's formula is 22.28 nm and 20.17 nm respectively for the films fabricated in the absence and presence of ultrasonic field. The grain sizes, from SEM micrographs, were found to be 225.52 nm and 79.64 nm respectively for the films fabricated in the absence and presence of ultrasonic field and the grains were in the shape of spherical balls.

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The effect of ultrasonic vibration on nickel electrodeposition

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Inexpensive, Three-Dimensional, Open-Cell, Fluid-Permeable, Noble-Metal Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrocatalysis

Inexpensive, Three-Dimensional, Open-Cell, Fluid-Permeable, Noble-Metal Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrocatalysis

Study of Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Multilayered Ni Coatings by Ultrasound-assisted Electrodeposition

Surface morphology of Ni-Fe thin films grown on copper substrates using pulse electrodeposition in ultrasonic field

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