The effect of undernutrition after calving on the quantity and composition of the milk produced by dairy cattle

Flux, D. S.; Patchell, M. R.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600046773

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…in both seasons. This is consistent with the results of Kiddet, Campbell, McDowell & Cox (1941), Rowland (1946) and Flux & Patchell (1954) who reported a lowering of the S.N.F. content of milk following a restriction of energy intake during lactation.…”

Section: Milk Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The utilization of irrigated pastures by dairy cows II. The effect of stocking rate

Freer¹

1960

J. Agric. Sci.

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In an earlier experiment (Freer, 1959) it was found that the efficiency of year-round pasture utilization by dairy cows on irrigated pasture was no greater with a strip-grazing system (twice daily shifts) than with a rotational grazing technique (5-to 7-day shifts). The results of that experiment, in which both treatments were maintained at the same overall stocking rate, were discussed in relation to experiments of other workers in which differential stocking rates had been used. It became apparent during the experiment at Werribee (and has been suggested by McMeekan & Hancock (1954) and McMeekan (1956) who obtained similar results from experiments in New Zealand) that the increased production per acre from strip grazing, that has been reported by others, was probably due to the effect on grazing efficiency of stocking rate per se rather than of the grazing management technique. In the earlier paper of this series the necessity for considering the effects of these two factors separately was stressed.In view of this, an experiment was designed to compare the efficiency of pasture utilization at two rates of stocking by milking cows on irrigated pasture, using the same grazing technique at both stocking rates. As there can be little question of the fact that animal production per acre will increase with stocking rate up to the point where the production of the individual animal is depressed through depression of nutrient intake, two stocking rates were chosen for this experiment which were at levels estimated to be at or about this point and above it.The experiment ran for two complete grazing seasons-1955-56 and 1956-7-and during these periods the treatments were compared on the basis of the animal production obtained from pasture. At the beginning of the second season the stocking rates on both areas were raised, to extend the range of the information obtained during the first season. Supplementary information was obtained on the effect of these treatments on the pastures, on the herbage intake of the cows, and on their grazing behaviour. EXPERIMENTALThe general features of the design of the experiment were as follows.(1) The two groups of cows were of equal size and grazed on unequal areas of pasture. During the first season the two stocking rates were 1-0 and 1-7 cows/acre, and during the second season 1-2 and 2-0 cows/acre (on irrigated dairy farms in Victoria a stocking rate of over 1-0 milking cows per acre is considered high). The two groups (known as the L and H groups, respectively) remained on their respective areas throughout the experiment.(2) The same grazing technique, rotational grazing, was used on both areas and the management was identical in all respects other than stocking rate.(3) The herbage that was surplus to immediate grazing requirements was conserved as hay (from the same proportion of both grazing areas) and fed back to the appropriate cows in the autumn so that the pasture utilized in each treatment could be assessed solely in terms of animal production. Cows usedAt the start of the f...

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Section: Milk Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The utilization of irrigated pastures by dairy cows II. The effect of stocking rate

Freer¹

1960

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…In the same experiment, however, a significant difference in fat percentage in favour of the lower plane of post-partum feeding was found where 5 lb concentrates/gal milk were compared with 3 lb/gal in the first 12 weeks of lactation. These results are in accord with those of Flux & Patchell (1954), who investigated the effect of underfeeding in the first 6 weeks of lactation using 14 sets of monozygotic twins and demonstrated a significant increase in fat percentage from 5-06 to 5-56 in favour of the low plane in early lactation.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

The effect of pre-partum feeding of heifers on milk composition

Foot¹,

Line²,

Rowland³

1963

Journal of Dairy Research

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The effect of the level of pre-partum feeding of Friesian heifers on the yields and composition of the milk in the subsequent lactation has been investigated using 23 heifers on each of 2 treatments. For 1 treatment, over a period of 6 weeks before calving, generous grazing on good pasture was supplemented with 8 lb/ cow daily of concentrates, and for the other only restricted grazing of an already sparse sward was allowed.For the period 3-8 weeks from calving the heifers fed at the high plane pre-partum produced significantly more milk than those fed at the low plane (36-8 compared with 31-9 lb/cow daily). The solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) and fat contents of their milk were also significantly higher (8-71 compared with 8-47 %, and 3-72 compared with 3-38 %, respectively). For the period 3-14 weeks from calving the effect of milk yield was slightly greater but the effect on composition was less. For the period 3-30 weeks from calving the difference in milk yield remained significant (31-3 compared with 26-1 lb/cow daily), but the average differences in S.N.F. and fat contents over this period (8-63 compared with 8-51%, and 3-75 compared with 3-59%, respectively) were not significant.The heifers fed at the higher plane increased in liveweight before calving at a rate which was highly significantly greater than that of the heifers fed at the low plane. After calving, the heifers which had been on the higher plane remained almost constant in weight during the first 12 weeks whilst the others regained some of their losses, a difference which was highly significant. This recovery was apparently made at the expense of milk yield and composition.The effect of the level of feeding of the cow before calving on the subsequent yield and composition of milk was reviewed by Burt (1956) and Broster (1958). Since then Castle & Watson (1961) have compared the feeding of 3-3 and 1-6 cwt of concentrates during the last 5 weeks before calving, as an addition to good pasture, and found no response in milk yield. On the other hand Swanson & Hinton (1962), using 75 pairs of cows, found that the addition of 8 lb of concentrates per cow daily to a roughage ration during the last 6 weeks before calving gave an increase of 302 lb of fat-corrected milk in the first 15 weeks of lactation. There was no evidence of an effect on milk composition in either of these investigations, but in other investigations the level of feeding before calving has been shown to influence milk composition particularly in early lactation, and the following summary is confined to these papers.

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“…Decreased levels of food intake during lactation are usually associated with an increased fat content but a decreased protein content (Flux and Patchell, 1954). The results of all experiments in which food intake was allowed to decrease at higher ambient temperatures must be considered against this knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the composition of milk and rumen contents in cows exposed to a high ambient temperature with controlled feeding

Bandaranayaka

Holmes

1976

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Two pairs of Jersey cows were exposed to either 15 or 30 degrees C air temperature; intake of dried grass was controlled, to be equal at both temperatures. Exposure to 30 degrees C caused increases in rectal temperature and in respiratory rates, and decreases infood intakes in both cows. Milk yield decreased by similar amounts at both temperatures, in association with the decreases in food intakes. The fat and protein content of milk decreased significantly at 30 degrees C; the proportion of shorter chain fatty acids (C6-C14) IN THE milk fat also decreased at 30 degrees C. The proportion of acetic acid in the rumen contents decreased significantly at 30 degrees C, in association with a small decrease in pH. The results indicate that changes in the metabolism of cows occurred at 30 degrees C, independently of changes in food intake.

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The effect of undernutrition after calving on the quantity and composition of the milk produced by dairy cattle

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

The utilization of irrigated pastures by dairy cows II. The effect of stocking rate

The utilization of irrigated pastures by dairy cows II. The effect of stocking rate

The effect of pre-partum feeding of heifers on milk composition

Changes in the composition of milk and rumen contents in cows exposed to a high ambient temperature with controlled feeding

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