The Effect of UV Aging on the Structure of PVC in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Compounds

Bufaroosha, Muna; Salih, Nadia; Hadi, Angham G.; Ahmed, Dina S.; Al‐Mashhadani, Mohammed H.; Yousif, Emad

doi:10.22401/anjs.23.1.08

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Organotin(IV) classified as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-organotin(IV) compounds based on the number of organic groups and anions such as fluoride, chloride, oxide, hydroxide, thiolate or carboxylate that attached to it. The suggested geometry structure for tetravalent organotin compounds with chemical formula R 4 Sn (where R is organic group) is sp 3 -tetrahedral four-coordination such as Me 4 Sn, but in case of low electronegative of ligand and tin tend to achieve the coordination number more than four is possible such as sp 3 d-trigonalbipyramidal five-coordination (Me 3 SnCl.py) and sp 3 d 2 -octahedral six-coordination (Me 2 Sn(acac) 2 ) [1]. Tin isotope ( 119 sn) can be identify by NMR machine due to it has 1/2 spin [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suggested geometry structure for tetravalent organotin compounds with chemical formula R 4 Sn (where R is organic group) is sp 3 -tetrahedral four-coordination such as Me 4 Sn, but in case of low electronegative of ligand and tin tend to achieve the coordination number more than four is possible such as sp 3 d-trigonalbipyramidal five-coordination (Me 3 SnCl.py) and sp 3 d 2 -octahedral six-coordination (Me 2 Sn(acac) 2 ) [1]. Tin isotope ( 119 sn) can be identify by NMR machine due to it has 1/2 spin [3]. Both oxidation states of tin can react with halides, oxygen, and sulfur to make inorganic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfamethoxazole as a ligand to synthesize di- and tri-alkyltin(IV) complexes and using as excellent photo-stabilizers for PVC

et al. 2021

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In this work, three new di-and tri-organotin(IV) complex Ph 3 SnL, Bu 3 SnL, and Me 2 SnL 2 were successfully synthesized by reacting sulfamethoxazole drug as a ligand with different alkyl metal. The synthesized complexes were fully characterized by fourier transform infrared, 1 proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 13 carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, 119 tin nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy was also applied to study the surface morphology of synthesized complexes. Using above techniques it was confirmed the chemical structure and purity of synthesized materials. In this work, these materials have been used as photo-stabilizers of PVC to reduce the photo-degradation of its polymeric chains. Many approaches were exhibited to evaluate the efficiency of prepared organotin(IV) complexes as photo-stabilizers such as FTIR, UV, weight loss, gel content, viscosity average molecular weight, light microscope, atomic force microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) mapping. These studies were in agreement and demonstrated that new complexes work as excellent photo-stabilizers of PVC. Thus they reduce the photo-degradation of PVC films containing these complexes compare to blank PVC after irradiation for 300 h by UV light at wavelength 313 nm. It has also demonstrated that Ph 3 SnL shows the best result as photo-stabilizer. This is because the complex has highly conjugation system by three phenyl groups compare to other complexes. The outcomes have been got in this study is significantly important to decrease the consumption of PVC around the world which is causing huge threaten to the environment especially the marine eco-system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfamethoxazole as a ligand to synthesize di- and tri-alkyltin(IV) complexes and using as excellent photo-stabilizers for PVC

et al. 2021

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“…Various additives with low concentrations were used for the inhibition of PVC from the photo-degradation process. The most familiarly used additives are organometallics, like organotin complexes [13][14][15], organic [16,17], and others [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In this work, we report the synthesis of Ibuprofen tin complexes and the evaluation of their activity as photo-stabilizers for the PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Surface Morphological Study, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Photo-Stabilizers Utilizing Ibuprofen Tin Complexes against Ultraviolet Radiation

et al. 2020

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In this work, three Ibuprofen tin complexes were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 119Sn-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies to identify the structures. The complexes were mixed separately with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to improve its photo-stability properties. Their activity was demonstrated by several approaches of the FTIR to exhibit the formation of new groups within the polymer structure due to the exposure to UV light. Moreover, the polymer’s weight loss during irradiation and the average molecular weight estimation using its viscosity before and after irradiation were investigated. Furthermore, different techniques were used to study the surface morphology of the PVC before and after irradiation. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and optical microscope demonstrated that applying Ibuprofen tin complexes keeps the surface of PVC smoother, with fewer cracks and spots after irradiation comparing to the blank PVC. Finally, It seems possible that such synthesized Ibuprofen tin complexes can work as excellent photo-stabilizers of PVC. In particular, complex 1 showed the best results among other stabilizers due to the large conjugation system of the stabilizer.

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“…Thus reducing the consumption of plastic polymers is significantly important [47][48][49]. Therefor researchers have used different approach to stabilize these polymers and reduce their degradation [50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. The most common method is by using natural or synthesized chemicals as thermal-stabilizers, antioxidants or photo-stabilizers [57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Plastic Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usage of lignin in two significant applications: As adsorbent surface of water pollutants and antioxidant of plastic polymers: short review

Fadhil¹,

Zageer²,

Faris³

et al. 2021

GSC Adv. Res. Rev.

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Since pollution is very serious problem threating the environmental eco-system around the world, but people do not usually treat this issue properly. Water is contaminated with different type of pollutants such as organic, inorganic, heavy metals, pesticides, dyes, phenols, and many other pollutants. Using adsorption phenomenon is very practical, easy and common method to remove pollutants from water. Owing to the significant properties of lignin such as high surface area, porosity, availability in huge amount, it was chosen to be used as an adsorbent surface of various pollutants. Herein it is going to review some of important literatures regarding that. Another serious problem that is threatening the marine eco-system, human health, and influence the global warming is the huge consumption of plastic polymers every year. Thus, reducing the consumption of plastic polymers is significantly matter. Lignin chemical structures are highly oxygenated and have several aromatic units, so by definition lignin can act as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger and photo-stabilizers. As the chemical structure of monomer moieties to form lignin are highly aromatic so it is suitable to work as UV- blocker to stop the photo-degradation of plastic.

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The Effect of UV Aging on the Structure of PVC in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Compounds

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Sulfamethoxazole as a ligand to synthesize di- and tri-alkyltin(IV) complexes and using as excellent photo-stabilizers for PVC

Sulfamethoxazole as a ligand to synthesize di- and tri-alkyltin(IV) complexes and using as excellent photo-stabilizers for PVC

A Surface Morphological Study, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Photo-Stabilizers Utilizing Ibuprofen Tin Complexes against Ultraviolet Radiation

The usage of lignin in two significant applications: As adsorbent surface of water pollutants and antioxidant of plastic polymers: short review

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