2021
DOI: 10.3390/pr9101723
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The Effect of Variable Air–Fuel Ratio on Thermal NOx Emissions and Numerical Flow Stability in Rotary Kilns Using Non-Premixed Combustion

Abstract: One of the quickest ways to influence both the wall temperature and thermal NOx emissions in rotary kilns is to change the air–fuel ratio (AFR). The normalized counterpart of the AFR, the equivalence ratio, is usually associated with premixed flames and studies of its influence on diffusion flames are inconsistent, depending on the application. In this paper, the influence of the AFR is investigated numerically for rotary kilns by conducting steady-state simulations. We first conduct three-dimensional simulati… Show more

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References 27 publications
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