The Effect of Various Aerosols on the Response of Guinea Pigs to Sulfur Dioxide

Amdur, Mary O.; Underhill, Dwight W.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1968.10665090

Cited by 86 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While this may be justifiable, it should nevertheless be recognized that a combined exposure to several pollutants may, on occasion, cause more damage than might be expected from a study of the effects of single compounds. Several years ago it was found that exposure to SO2 and several particulate aerosols would produce an exacerbated airway hypersensitivity, compared to that expected from the known effects of the individual agents alone (43).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the Lung to Toxic Injury

Witschi¹

1990

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the Lung to Toxic Injury

Witschi¹

1990

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…For example, a synergistic increase in guinea pig airway resistance was observed when sodium chloride particles with 0.2 pum diameter were combined with SO2, but not when particles had a diameter of 2.5 ,um (10). The same study also showed a greater than additive increase in guinea pig airway resistance when particles of sulfuric acid mist of 0.8 ,um, but not of 2.5 ,um, diameter were combined with SO2.…”

Section: Interactions As a Results Of Simultaneous Exposurementioning

confidence: 82%

“…The irritating effects of SO2, the second most abundant air pollutant, are greatly en-hanced if guinea pigs are exposed simultaneously to aqueous aerosols of various salts soluble in water (8,9). Both the solubility of SO2 in a given aerosol droplet and the ability of the droplet to catalyze the oxidation of S02 to H2SO4 play a role in increasing airway resistance.…”

Section: Interactions As a Results Of Simultaneous Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of toxicological interactions in lung injury.

Witschi¹,

Hakkinen²

1984

Environ Health Perspect

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Interactions between two or more toxic agents can produce lung damage by chemical-chemical interactions, chemical-receptor interactions or by modification, by a first agent, of the cell and tissue response to a second agent. Interactions may occur by simultaneous exposure and if exposure to the two agents is separated in time. Chemical-chemical interactions have been mostly studied in the toxicology of air pollutants, where it was shown that the untoward effect of certain oxidants may be enhanced in the presence of other aerosols. Interactions at the receptor site have been found in isolated perfused lung experiments. Oxygen tolerance may be an example, when pre-exposure to one concentration of oxygen mitigates later exposure to 100% oxygen by modifying cellular and enzymatic composition of the lung. Damage of the alveolar zone by the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) can be greatly enhanced by subsequent exposure to oxygen concentration which, otherwise, would have little if any demonstrable effect. The synergistic interaction between BHT and oxygen results in a resulting interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Acute or chronic lung disease may then be caused not only by one agent, but very likely in many instances by the interaction of several agents.

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“…Using animal systems, Amdur has long made important contributions, 3738 particularly to understanding of possible synergisms between SO2 and particulate exposures. 39 Although much has been learned from this line of research, we believe it is not likely to provide the key evidence for understanding the most significant possible effects of airborne acidity as such. First, as mentioned earlier, our theoretical calculations make it appear unlikely that overall acidification of tracheobronchial mucus could occur at airborne sulfuric acid levels much under several hundred micrograms per cubic meter.…”

Section: Category 1 Processes That Are Expected To Be Reversible At mentioning

confidence: 99%