The Effect of Various Plasma Gases on the Shear Bond Strength between Unfilled Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Veneering Composite Following Artificial Aging

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of different gaseous plasma surface treatments on the shear bond strength between unfilled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and veneering composite resin. The study followed ISO 10477 guidelines in preparing, bonding, and testing the samples. Specimens of unfilled PEEK were distributed to one of the following six surface treatment groups: reference, adhesive, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air plasmas. After milling, the specimens were wet polished using (P320) polishing discs. Bonding procedures were done according to the manufacturer’s instructions using (Opaquer + Dentine), except in the adhesive group (Visio.link + Opaquer + Dentine). Afterwards, thermal cycling for 5000 cycles between 5 and 55 °C in distilled water was conducted. Finally, the shear bond strengths of all groups were calculated, and mode of fracture was determined. Nitrogen surface treatment had the highest mean shear bond strength of 10.04 (±1.84) MPa, while the reference group showed the lowest value of 5.38 (±2.90) MPa. Regarding mode of fracture, all the specimens showed a 100% adhesive failure mode. Plasma surface treatment can be a reliable alternative method to the traditional protocol of bonding veneering composite resin to unfilled PEEK material.

Bonding Interface and Repairability of 3D-Printed Intraoral Splints: Shear Bond Strength to Current Polymers, with and without Ageing

“…This range of shear bond strength was also reported by Younis et al for veneering composite bonded to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 5.38 MPa–10.04 MPa [ 31 ].…”

Review on Development and Dental Applications of Polyetheretherketone-Based Biomaterials and Restorations

“…After using low-temperature plasma, a pretreated material transforms its non-polar surface into a polar surface and then a dense cross-linked layer or a rough surface is generated. These features all enhance the bonding properties [ 120 ]. Several studies focused on the plasma treatment for PEEK.…”

“…In addition to helium, oxygen and argon, the influence of other types of gases, such as air and nitrogen, on the improvement of PEEK bonding properties has also been studied. For example, Younis et al [ 120 ] showed that plasma treatment of nitrogen gas exerted a positive influence on the SBS of unfilled PEEK and veneering composites. Similar results after nitrogen gas plasma treatment were obtained by Fedel et al [ 124 ].…”

Comparison of the bond strength of composite resin to zirconia and composite resin to polyether ether ketone: An in vitro study

“…This limitation can be overcome by layering PEEK frameworks with composite resins to achieve a better shade and translucency. [ 8 ] Also the zirconia–feldspathic veneer interface is one of the major weak points of these restorations, and in some cases, it results in fractures, exposing the underlying zirconia. [ 9 10 ]…”