The Effect of Varying Mixing Temperatures and Baking Level on the Quality of Pilot Scale Anodes—A Factorial Design Analysis

Sommerseth, Camilla; Thorne, Rebecca Jayne; Ratvik, Arne Petter; Sandnes, Espen; Linga, Hogne; Lossius, Lorentz Petter; Svensson, Ann Mari

doi:10.3390/met7030074

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high mixing temperature anode is more homogeneous and the pores present are much smaller and not as interlinked. CT clearly shows qualitatively how the density, and then parameters like SER and permeability are improved with a more optimised mixing temperature as already argued in several studies [1,15,16]. The larger pores in the low mixing temperature anodes are formed when coke particles are not well wetted with pitch.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Electrochemical Behaviour of Carbon Anodes Produced with Different Mixing Temperatures and Baking Levels—A Laboratory Study

et al. 2019

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Anodes fabricated from a single source coke were used for investigations of effect of porosity and surface roughness on the electrochemical performance in laboratory scale cells. In order to fabricate anodes differing in porosity, the production parameters were varied with two levels of mixing temperatures (150 °C and 210 °C) and three baking levels (underbaking at 1150 °E, normal baking at 1260 °E, overbaking at 1350 °E). °E denotes the equivalent temperature which is a function of both the temperature the anode sees, and the time kept at this temperature. The low mixing anodes were more inhomogeneous with respect to both micro-and macroporosity, which can be attributed to the wetting between pitch and coke. After electrolysis, the real surface area of the low mixing anodes was about 13 % higher than the high mixing anodes. Also, the low mixing electrodes had slightly larger electrochemically active surface area after electrolysis compared to the high mixing electrodes, as evidenced by higher capacitance measured at low current densities. Still, the mixing and equivalent baking temperatures did not affect the electrochemical overpotential at 1 A/cm 2 to any significant extent. This could be understood from the 3D computed tomography images, which also showed that the electrolyte does not generally penetrate into the pores on the surface, penetration will depend on the size and shape of the pore.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Electrochemical Behaviour of Carbon Anodes Produced with Different Mixing Temperatures and Baking Levels—A Laboratory Study

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, increasing the baking temperature is desired to produce high electrically conductive carbon anodes. 7 The specific electrical resistivity (SER) values of the compacted bed of the carbonized BP and CTP particles are presented in Table 2. The SER of the calcined coke, with the same particle size range (−0.6 + 0.3 mm), is included in the same table for comparison.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrical conductivity of the carbon materials depends on their degree of graphitization (expressed by L c ), which is improved via increasing the heat treatment temperature. Therefore, increasing the baking temperature is desired to produce high electrically conductive carbon anodes . The specific electrical resistivity (SER) values of the compacted bed of the carbonized BP and CTP particles are presented in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is attributed to the improved crystallinity of the binder by increasing the baking temperature. 7 BP showed significantly lower coking value (CV) and primary quinoline insoluble (QI) than the CTP. 8 The low CV implies removal of more volatiles from the binder phase during the anode baking.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, increasing the anode baking temperature enhances its resistance to the oxidative gases under the cell operating conditions. This is attributed to the improved crystallinity of the binder by increasing the baking temperature …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopitch as a Binder for Carbon Anodes: Impact on Carbon Anode Properties

Hussein

Picard

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Aluminum industry depends on coal-tar-pitch as a binder to produce carbon anodes used for aluminum electrolysis. This binder is nonrenewable and mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are harmful for the human health and the environment. The biomass-driven pitch is considered to be a green and abundant binder. In this study, we synthesized biopitch from bio-oil by heat treatment of the bio-oil at 160 and 180 °C. The biopitch was then baked at 1100 °C to produce its carbonized form. In comparison to the carbonized coal-tar-pitch, the baked biopitch showed amorphous microstructure, higher air reactivity and higher specific electrical resistivity. Biopitch is known to have high wettability and adhesion with the coke particles which could reduce the negative effect of inferior characteristics of its baked form on the resulting anodes. Biopitch was used to replace 100 % of the conventional coal-tar-pitch binder in the anode recipe. Green anodes were produced by mixing the coke aggregates with the biopitch at 178 °C. The baked anode properties were measured and compared to those of classical reference anodes (made of coal-tar-pitch and calcined coke). Although, the air and CO 2 reactivity of the biopitch anodes is slightly higher than that of the reference ones, the biopitch anodes showed similar density, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific electrical resistivity, mechanical strength, and lower air permeability in comparison to those of the reference anodes.

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