The Effect of Vasopressin on Water and Electrolyte Excretion by the Sheep

Cross, R. B.; Wm, Thornton; Tweddell, ED

doi:10.1038/icb.1963.52

Cited by 21 publications

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“…In other studies Cross, Thornton and Tweddell [1963] and Cross and Thornton [1966] found that the diuretic response to vasopressin in sheep occurred only if the osmotic concentration of the urine were initially high and SchmidtNielsen [1964] argued that in these circumstances the increase in urine flow is a consequence of the increase in electrolyte excretion due to the vasopressin. Against these observations Brook, Radford and Stacy [1968] have produced evidence suggesting that vasopressin has no special role in regulating electrolyte excretion in the sheep and they suggest that the effects seen by these other workers were possibly the result of infusing unphysiologically large amounts of the hormone.…”

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Changes in Urinary Water and Electrolyte Excretion in Sodium‐loaded Sheep in Response to Intravenous Infusion of Arginine Vasopressin

Scott

Morton

1976

Exp Physiol

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Mature sheep receiving supplements of sodium chloride into the rumen were given intravenous infusions of arginine vasopressin at rates varying from 4-6-23 pmol/min (2-10 mU/min). Infusion of the hormone led to an increase in urine flow and to increases in the amounts of sodium and chloride excreted, the effect on flow was, however, the greater so that the osmolality of the urine fell during the infusions.In sheep given intravenous infusions of a hypertonic sodium chloride solution addition of vasopressin to the infusate led to the formation of a larger volume of urine containing a higher proportion of the infused salt load compared to when the salt solution alone was given. As before the effect on flow was the greater and hence the osmolality of the urine was lower when the hormone was given.In other experiments intravenous infusion of a hypertonic sodium chloride solution at rates providing 2-8 mnol NaCl/min led to increases in urine flow and increases in sodium and chloride excretion, the size of these increases being proportional to infusion rate. Plasma vasopressin levels markedly increased during these infusions, the levels seen being similar to those seen in sheep given vasopressin in amounts which increased both urine flow and electrolyte excretion. This suggests that during hypertonic salt loading vasopressin probably contributes directly to the increases in urine flow and the increases in electrolyte excretion which are seen. Further evidence in support of this was obtained in experiments in which a greater natriuretic response was seen in sheep given a hypertonic sodium chloride solution into the carotid artery as opposed to the jugular vein and where it was shown that plasma vasopressin levels were indeed higher when the solution was given into the artery.In 1961 Kinne, Macfarlane and Budtz-Olsen reported experiments in which infusion of vasopressin in sheep produced an unexpected increase in both water and electrolyte excretion in the urine and they suggested that this hormone may be more concerned in the regulation of electrolyte balance than water balance in this species. The diuretic response to vasopressin in sheep was subsequently confirmed [Macfarlane, 1964] and a similar effect was noted in both cattle and camels [Macfarlane, Kinne, Walmsley, Siebert and Peter, 1967].In other studies Cross, Thornton and Tweddell [1963] and Cross and Thornton [1966] found that the diuretic response to vasopressin in sheep occurred only if the osmotic concentration of the urine were initially high and SchmidtNielsen [1964] argued that in these circumstances the increase in urine flow is a consequence of the increase in electrolyte excretion due to the vasopressin. Against these observations Brook, Radford and Stacy [1968] have produced evidence suggesting that vasopressin has no special role in regulating electrolyte excretion in the sheep and they suggest that the effects seen by these other workers were possibly the result of infusing unphysiologically large amounts of the hormone.

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Changes in Urinary Water and Electrolyte Excretion in Sodium‐loaded Sheep in Response to Intravenous Infusion of Arginine Vasopressin

Scott

Morton

1976

Exp Physiol

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“…Vasopressin administration into sheep usually causes increased potassium excretion and less reliably, increased sodium excretion also [Kinne, Macfarlane and Budtz-Olsen, 1961;Cross, Thornton and Twedell, 1963;Kuhn and Peeters, 1965]. Administration of cholinergic compounds into the carotid artery or into the third ventricle of hydrated animals causes falls in urine flow and increased urinary concentration which have been interpreted as resulting from increased release of vasopressin [Abrahams and Pickford, 1956;Olsson, 1970;Vandeputte-Van Messom and Peeters, 1973;Kuhn, 1974].…”

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Changes in Renal Haemodynamics and Electrolyte Excretion after Intraventricular Infusion of Carbachol in Conscious Sheep

Beal

1980

Exp Physiol

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Infusion of carbachol at 10 nmol . min-l for 30 min into one lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious sheep caused long-lasting increases in arterial blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit. The increase in haematocrit resulted from release of red blood cells from the spleen. The systemic cardiovascular changes were accompanied by increased glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.), renal plasma flow (R.P.F.) and renal blood flow (R.B.F.) which did not return to pre-carbachol levels within 180 min post-carbachol. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of carbachol increased the rates of sodium excretion and clearance, potassium excretion and clearance, osmolal clearance and solute-free water reabsorption and increased the concentration of vasopressin in arterial plasma. The increase in sodium excretion rate was caused by increased sodium filtration associated with a fall in the proportion of filtered sodium being reabsorbed. The increase in potassium excretion rate resulted mainly from increased potassium secretion possibly stimulated by increased distal sodium delivery and by increased vasopressin levels. The observed effects of ICV carbachol infusion resembled those previously reported for ICV infision of hyperosmotic sodium solutions.The renal excretion of electrolytes particularly that of sodium was increased for some hours after a single injection of carbachol into the third ventricle of rats [Dorn, Antunes-Rodrigues and McCann, 1970] and the lateral ventricle of sheep [Beal and Bligh, 1979]. As changes in renal haemodynamics were not monitored in either study it could not be deduced whether this increase in sodium excretion resulted from an increased rate of sodium filtration at the glomerulus and/or a reduced rate of sodium reabsorption in the nephron. Injection of carbachol into the lateral ventricle also causes elevation of arterial blood pressure in rats and sheep [Hoffman and Phillips, 1977;Beal and Bligh, 1979] which in turn could lead to an increase in renal blood flow (R.B.F.) and glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.). However the hypertensive effect of ICV carbachol results from central stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system *Present address:

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“…A similar response to vasopressin has been observed in the rat (Sawyer, 1952;Chan, 1965) although in one report (Heller & Stephenson, 1950) increased excretion of potassium was associated with reduced sodium excretion. In contrast vasopressin administration to sheep undergoing water diuresis usually causes increased potassium excretion with the effects on sodium excretion being the more variable (Kinne, Macfarlane & Budtz-Olsen, 1961;Cross, Thornton & Twedell, 1963;Kuhn & Peeters, 1965). The renal electrolyte response has proved to be even less reliable when vasopressin was given to animals in anti-diuresis.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of High Rates of Vasopressin Administration on Renal Potassium and Sodium Excretion During Potassium Loading in the Sheep

Beal

1976

British J Pharmacology

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1The influence of potassium loading on the renal excretion of sodium, potassium and solute during high rate vasopressin administration has been investigated in sheep.2 Adrenalectomized sheep were infused with 0.43 M KCI at 2 mI/min for 2-2.5 hours. Coincident with the rise in plasma potassium concentration, the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, solute and water was increased as was the reabsorption of solute-free water. The rates of urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, osmolal clearance (Cosm) and solute-free water reabsorption (TCH20) for the first 50 min of potassium infusion were each found to be linearly related to the plasma potassium concentration. 3 After 50 min an infusion of vasopressin at 1 or 4 mu/min was superimposed on the potassium infusion for a period of 30 minutes. The administration of vasopressin was consistently associated with further augmentation of potassium excretion and clearance, of osmolal clearance and of solute-free water reabsorption to values above those anticipated from the pre-vasopressin regression lines for these parameters. Urinary sodium showed a coincident depression in the rate of excretion and clearance during the same period. 4 Thirty to fifty minutes after the cessation of vasopressin infusion the potassium and sodium excretions had returned to values which approximated the pre-vasopressin relations between plasma potassium and the urinary excretions of these ions. 5Both rates of vasopressin infusion were equally effective in increasing the potassium clearance. Any differences in clearance between the two rates of vasopressin administration were not statistically significant. 6 The large increments in potassium excretion (averaging > 40%) were interpreted as indicating that, when vasopressin is present at high concentrations, the distal tubule is one site of action of the hormone in the nephron of sheep.

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The Effect of Vasopressin on Water and Electrolyte Excretion by the Sheep

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Changes in Urinary Water and Electrolyte Excretion in Sodium‐loaded Sheep in Response to Intravenous Infusion of Arginine Vasopressin

Changes in Urinary Water and Electrolyte Excretion in Sodium‐loaded Sheep in Response to Intravenous Infusion of Arginine Vasopressin

Changes in Renal Haemodynamics and Electrolyte Excretion after Intraventricular Infusion of Carbachol in Conscious Sheep

The Effect of High Rates of Vasopressin Administration on Renal Potassium and Sodium Excretion During Potassium Loading in the Sheep

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