The effect of vertical gardens on temperature and CO2 levels in urban housing

Abstract

The city's thermal environment plays an important role in achieving comfort and quality of life, especially during the current global pandemic. Meanwhile, reduction in the green areas has been observed to be continuously causing climate change in cities and one of the proposed solutions to this is by developing a greening system for buildings. This paper, therefore, assessed the ability of vertical garden to decrease air and surface temperatures as well as CO2 levels. The research involved field measurements of these parameters both inside and outside the building along with the modification of the vertical garden distance at 0.5 m and 1 m as well as the plant type including red spinach or amaranthus hybridus, mustard or brassica juncea, celery or apium graveolens linn, and cat's whiskers or orthosiphon spicatus. The results showed an average decrease of 0.75°C in air temperature, 16.4ºC in surface temperature, and 58.8 ppm in CO2 levels. Moreover, a maximum reduction of 6ºC was achieved in air temperature with red spinach plants at 0.5 m, 26.3ºC in surface temperature by the Rred spinach plant, and 124 ppm in CO2 levels by celery plants. In conclusion, a closer distance and darker color of the leaves as well as the red spinach species were found to be the main consideration in the application of vertical gardens in urban homes due to their ability to reduce the temperature on the limited land.
 © 2020 Agung Murti Nugroho

The Assessment of Residents’ Perception of Possible Benefits and Challenges of Home Vertical Gardens in Kigali, Rwanda

“…Vertical gardens in the field of landscape design are classified into two general categories, including vertical gardens and living walls [43,44]. The vertical gardens include specific structures such as flower boxes, roof gardens, and green terraces that can be used as containers for the plants to keep them independent from the ground for growing [2,45,46].…”

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“…Second, the roof casing with large volume parameters and wide and bright in color (Nugroho, 2021). Third, wall envelopes that have a barrier, brightly colored and low conductivity (Nugroho, 2019). Fourth, window openings have a size, position, type that is in accordance with the floor area and wind direction and has teritisan (Nugroho, 2019).…”

“…Third, wall envelopes that have a barrier, brightly colored and low conductivity (Nugroho, 2019). Fourth, window openings have a size, position, type that is in accordance with the floor area and wind direction and has teritisan (Nugroho, 2019). Fifth, the floor of a building that has a height or can be a stage (Victoria et al, 2017).…”

Climate sensitive urban design in cultural landscape

“…The increase in the earth's surface temperature is one of the main issues faced by various cities in the world (Nugroho 2020). Other issues related to rising global temperatures, such as the Urban Heat Island, have attracted the attention of various environmentalists and urban planning experts (Hamdy et al 2023).…”

“…Increasing outdoor thermal comfort such as optimizing the existence of green spaces in parks and gardens can minimize the occurrence of urban heat stroke (Srivanit and Jareemit 2020). Where outdoor thermal comfort is a condition of air temperature, humidity, and wind speed that can make the human body feel comfortable doing activities (Nugroho et al 2020). Meanwhile, based on ASHRAE standards, thermal comfort is a subjective assessment that results in satisfaction with the thermal conditions of the surrounding environment.…”