“…Because ERCP is a complex procedure that requires advanced technology, it can cause anxiety in patients. Patients experience anxiety due to the environment, lack of information about the procedure, possible tissue damage risk, and negative attitudes toward the procedure, irrespective of the circumstances under which they present to the hospital (Öz, 2014; Özçiftci yılmaz, aksu, & Elbek, 2021). anxiety can easily intensify emotional fluctuations, lead to hemodynamic changes, and adversely affect the ERCP (Lu & Wang, 2022).…”