The effect of visual feedback of body parts on pain perception: A systematic review of clinical and experimental studies

Wittkopf, Priscilla G.; Lloyd, David T.; Johnson, Mark I.

doi:10.1002/ejp.1162

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…The difficulties of blinding participants and outcome assessors when using VR interventions have been discussed previously. [26] Blinding of participants and outcome assessor is extremely important, as it is known that lack of blinding is associated with a risk of biasing outcomes especially in studies with more subjective outcomes, such as pain perception. [13,27,28] From the 13 included studies, only two presented sample size calculations, which is critical in determining the number of participants necessary to provide sufficiently high power to detect clinically meaningful treatment effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms of action of mirror visual feedback are not fully elucidated but it is hypothesized that the view of a healthyfunctional limb will promote sensory-motor congruence and correct disrupted mental representations of body parts by reducing dysfunctional cortical reorganization [35,36,37,38]. Recent systematic reviews with meta-analyses indicate that mirror visual feedback is effective to reduce pain [26,39]. Our findings indicate that virtual representation of body parts may be effective in the treatment of neuropathic and phantom limb pain; however, conclusive evidence can only be achieved by conducting randomized controlled trials where the effect of virtual representation of body parts can be compared with a suitable control intervention.Frequency and time of exposure seem to be an important aspect of VR interventions especially when used to manage chronic pain.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of interactive virtual reality on pain perception: a systematic review of clinical studies

Wittkopf

Lloyd

Coe

et al. 2019

Disability and Rehabilitation

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The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of immersive and non-immersive interactive virtual reality on pain perception in patients with a clinical pain condition. Methods: The following databases were searched from inception: Medline (Ovid), PsychInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Web of Science. Two reviewers screened reports and extracted the data. A third reviewer acted as an arbiter. Studies were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized trials, and uncontrolled trials. Crossover and parallel-group designs were included. Risk of bias was assessed for all included studies. Results: Thirteen clinical studies were included. The majority of studies investigated a sample of participants with chronic pain. Six were controlled trials and seven uncontrolled studies. Controlled research showed that interactive virtual reality reduces pain associated with ankylosing spondylitis and post-mastectomy, but results are inconsistent for patients with neck pain. Findings from uncontrolled studies showed that interactive virtual reality reduced neuropathic limb pain, and phantom limb pain, but had no effect on non-specific chronic back pain. Conclusions: There is not enough evidence upon which to judge the effectiveness of the use of virtual reality for the management of pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of interactive virtual reality on pain perception: a systematic review of clinical studies

Wittkopf

Lloyd

Coe

et al. 2019

Disability and Rehabilitation

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“…La TRV forma parte de los MRM cuando el foco del tratamiento se centra en función sensoriomotora. Sin embargo, hay que tomar en cuenta que existe otro enfoque de tratamiento que presenta una orientación sensitivo-visual, en el que el foco se dirige a la visualización de estímulos somatosensoriales sobre una región corporal concreta (que no tiene por qué estar en movimiento) para modular la percepción dolorosa (Wittkopf et al, 2018;Heinrich et al, 2019). A este modelo de tratamiento se le denomina terapia de retroalimentación sensitivo-visual (TRV-SV) y, a pesar de que este tratamiento tiene gran interés clínico no se puede considerar un MRM.…”

Section: Terapia De Retroalimentación Visualunclassified

Métodos de representación del movimiento en rehabilitación. Construyendo un marco conceptual para la aplicación en clínica

Touche¹

2020

MOVE

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“…Mirrors, lenses, and virtual reality have been used to alleviate pain and improve function through visual distraction, ‘normalizing’ the appearance of dysmorphic painful body parts, reducing threat associated with moving painful body parts, and aligning ownership and agency of body parts through visual, proprioceptive, and tactile congruency. Therapeutic success is varied and research findings from systematic reviews of controlled clinical studies are inconsistent due to a paucity of robust primary studies [94,95,96,97].…”

Section: Pain Perception: Active Top-down Processing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Landscape of Chronic Pain: Broader Perspectives

Johnson

2019

Medicina

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Chronic pain is a global health concern. This special issue on matters related to chronic pain aims to draw on research and scholarly discourse from an eclectic mix of areas and perspectives. The purpose of this non-systematic topical review is to précis an assortment of contemporary topics related to chronic pain and its management to nurture debate about research, practice and health care policy. The review discusses the phenomenon of pain, the struggle that patients have trying to legitimize their pain to others, the utility of the acute–chronic dichotomy, and the burden of chronic pain on society. The review describes the introduction of chronic primary pain in the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision and discusses the importance of biopsychosocial approaches to manage pain, the consequences of overprescribing and shifts in service delivery in primary care settings. The second half of the review explores pain perception as a multisensory perceptual inference discussing how contexts, predictions and expectations contribute to the malleability of somatosensations including pain, and how this knowledge can inform the development of therapies and strategies to alleviate pain. Finally, the review explores chronic pain through an evolutionary lens by comparing modern urban lifestyles with genetic heritage that encodes physiology adapted to live in the Paleolithic era. I speculate that modern urban lifestyles may be painogenic in nature, worsening chronic pain in individuals and burdening society at the population level.

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The effect of visual feedback of body parts on pain perception: A systematic review of clinical and experimental studies

Abstract: It was not possible to determine whether normal-sized, magnified or minified visual feedback of body parts affected pain perception in clinical or experimental settings because of contradictory findings in primary studies. This emphasizes the need for higher quality studies.

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

The effect of interactive virtual reality on pain perception: a systematic review of clinical studies

The effect of interactive virtual reality on pain perception: a systematic review of clinical studies

Métodos de representación del movimiento en rehabilitación. Construyendo un marco conceptual para la aplicación en clínica

The Landscape of Chronic Pain: Broader Perspectives

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