The effect of vitamin D on lower respiratory tract infections in children

Şişmanlar, Tuğba; Aslan, Ayşe Tana; Gülbahar, Özlem; Özkan, Seçil

doi:10.5152/turkpediatriars.2016.3383

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…All of them were found to be deficient in vitamin D. In contrast to our study, Tuğba Şişmanlar et al found no significant difference in vitamin D levels between the patient and control groups in their study. 22 It is important to note that all children included in this study were treated on outpatient basis. Authors also found high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in both groups when compared to the previous studies conducted in their country and in the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of serum vitamin D levels and anemia in childhood pneumonia: a case control study from rural area

Kulkarni

Chougule

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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INTRODUCTIONPneumonia remains the number one cause for under five deaths worldwide. Out of 6.3 million children dying before 5 years, 0.935 million patients die due to Pneumonia.1 Different approaches have been tried to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia such as immunization, vitamin A supplementation and zinc supplementation. 3 The vitamin D converts immune response from TH1 to TH2 response. It also helps in rapid response at the cellular level. It helps in activation of macrophages. 4,5 It is also noted that children with pneumonia had lower vitamin D levels.6-8 They also may have lower dietary vitamin D intake. 9Keeping this in mind, we decided to perform an evaluation of vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed to have pneumonia. We also aimed to investigate impact of severity of vitamin D deficiency on severity of pneumonia. We also investigated the prevalence of ABSTRACT Background: Pneumonia remains number one cause for morbidity and mortality in children. Vitamin D has been shown to have immunomodulatory activity. Hence to find correlation between vitamin D and pneumonia cases the study was carried out. Methods: A case control study was conducted at a rural hospital in Vadgaon. From September 2015 onwards all children under 5 years of age hospitalized with pneumonia were invited to participate in our study. Patients who consented for study underwent serum vitamin 25 (OH) D3 estimation along with other routine investigations as indicated. During the same study period, parents of otherwise healthy children fewer than 5 years age who came to our immunization clinic were invited to participate in the study as a control group. Results: Vitamin 25(OH) D3 levels in pneumonia cases study group (N=40) 12.048±6.015 ng/ml (mean±SD) and in control (N=35) 22.65±11.77 ng/ml (mean±SD) that is statistically significant (P<0.0001) and hemoglobin (Hb) in Cases (N=40) with 8.55±1.27 gm/dl (mean±SD); control group (N=19) with 10.31±0.9 gm/dl (mean±SD)levels was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.0001).All patients with severe pneumonia needing ICU management were found to be deficient in vitamin D levels. Children with pneumonia had higher level of anemia. All children admitted to ICU had Moderate to severe anemia. Conclusions: There is a correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia and there is also correlation between level of anemia and severity of pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of serum vitamin D levels and anemia in childhood pneumonia: a case control study from rural area

Kulkarni

Chougule

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…The determination of a preventable risk factor such as vit D deficiency and initiation of the effective intervention is quite important in the management of LRTIs in children. In our country, vit D deficiency and LRTIs are common health problems in preschool children (17). The discovery that most tissues and cells in the body have a vit D receptor and the ability to convert the primary circulating form of vit D to the active form has provided new insights into the function of this vitamin (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of Serum Vitamin D and Cathelicidin Levels in Recurrent Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Preschool Children

Coşar¹,

Arıkoğlu²,

Akar³

et al. 2018

J Pediatr Inf

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Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are common in preschool children. Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D (vit D) enhances the production of cathelicidin, which is highly expressed in respiratory epithelium. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation of serum vit D and cathelicidin in preschool children with recurrent LRTIs. Material and Methods: This prospective study included 56 preschool children under 5 years of age with LRTIs and 52 healthy controls. Complete blood count, serum 25(OH)D3, cathelicidin and C-reactive protein levels were measured in all children. Results: The mean serum vit D level of the children with recurrent LRTIs was 24.8 ± 14.4 ng/mL and the healthy group was 25.1 ± 10.7 ng/mL and no significant difference was found between groups (p= 0.922). Vit D deficiency was detected in 15 (13.9%) of all the children participating in the study and vit D insufficiency in 30 (27.8%) subjects. The median serum cathelicidin levels in children with recurrent LRTIs (39.6 ng/ mL) were significantly lower than the healthy group (77.8 ng/mL) (p= 0.004). No significant correlation was found between serum cathelicidin levels and vit D, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count and C-reactive protein. The serum cathelicidin levels ≤ 37.3 ng/mL were found to be related to the risk of recurrent LRTIs in preschool children independent of age, gender, body mass index and serum vit D levels (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, p= 0.006). Özet Giriş: Okul öncesi çocuklarda tekrarlayan alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları (ASYE) sık görülmektedir. Son zamanlardaki bilgiler göstermektedir ki; vitamin D (vit D), solunum yolu epitelinde eksprese olan katelisidin üretimini arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı okul öncesi tekrarlayan ASYE olan çocuklarda serum vit D ve katelisidin ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Prospektif olan bu çalışmaya tekrarlayan ASYE'si olan 5 yaş altı 56 hasta ve 52 sağlıklı çocuk alınmıştır. Tam kan sayımı, serum 25(OH)D3, katelisidin ve C-reaktif protein düzeyleri tüm çocuklarda ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Tekrarlayan ASYE'si olan grubun ortalama serum vit D düzeyi 24.8 ± 14.4 ng/mL ve sağlıklı grubun ise 25.1 ± 10.7 ng/mL olup gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (p= 0.922). Çalışmaya katılan tüm çocukların 15 (%13.9)'inde vit D eksikliği ve 30 (%27.8)'unda vit D yetersizliği saptandı. Tekrarlayan ASYE'si olan grubun ortalama serum katelisidin düzeyi (39.6 ng/mL) ise sağlıklı gruptan (77.8 ng/mL) anlamlı olarak düşük saptandı (p= 0.004). Serum katelisidin düzeyleri ile vit D düzeyi, beyaz küre sayısı, mutlak nötrofil sayısı ve C-reaktif protein düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmadı. Serum katelisidin düzeylerinin ≤ 37.3 ng/mL olmasının yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi ve serum vit D düzeylerinden bağımsız olarak okul öncesi çocuklarda tekrarlayan ASYE ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır (OR: 0.99, 95% Güven aralığı: 0.98-0.99, p= 0.006).

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“…Furthermore, in another study from Turkey, no significant differences in terms of 25(OH)D concentrations and disease severity was found between cases with lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) < 5 years of age and healthy children. However, the rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were high in both groups (25 and 22%, respectively), leading the authors to recommend routine screening for vitamin D deficiency in children with LRI, and vitamin D supplementation in all children, especially during the winter months [75]. Similarly, one study in Canada and one in Iran found no significant differences between cases and controls in terms of 25(OH)D serum levels for uncomplicated ALRI (primary viral bronchiolitis) in children less than 2 years old [76,77].…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The association between vitamin D status and infectious diseases of the respiratory system in infancy and childhood

2019

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Purpose Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major cause of illness worldwide and the most common cause of hospitalization for pneumonia and bronchiolitis. These two diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. Vitamin D is believed to have immunomodulatory effects on the innate and adaptive immune systems by modulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides, like cathelicidin, in response to both viral and bacterial stimuli. The aim of this review is to summarize the more recently published data with regard to potential associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with infectious respiratory tract diseases of childhood and the possible health benefits from vitamin D supplementation. Methods The literature search was conducted by using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, with the following keywords: vitamin D, respiratory tract infection, tuberculosis, influenza, infancy, and childhood. Results Several studies have identified links between inadequate 25(OH)D concentrations and the development of upper or lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Some of them also suggest that intervention with vitamin D supplements could decrease both child morbidity and mortality from such causes. Conclusions Most studies agree in that decreased vitamin D concentrations are prevalent among most infants and children with RTIs. Also, normal to high-serum 25(OH)D appears to have some beneficial influence on the incidence and severity of some, but not all, types of these infections. However, studies with vitamin D supplementation revealed conflicting results as to whether supplementation may be of benefit, and at what doses.

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The effect of vitamin D on lower respiratory tract infections in children

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Correlation of serum vitamin D levels and anemia in childhood pneumonia: a case control study from rural area

Correlation of serum vitamin D levels and anemia in childhood pneumonia: a case control study from rural area

The Relation of Serum Vitamin D and Cathelicidin Levels in Recurrent Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Preschool Children

The association between vitamin D status and infectious diseases of the respiratory system in infancy and childhood

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