The effect of water treatment on the speciation and concentration of lead in domestic tap water derived from a soft upland source

Mora, Stephen J. de; Harrison, Roy M.; Wilson, Simon

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(87)90102-3

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, the observed levels of Cu and Pb are not unusually low at Denver compared with those at other utilities, and given the benefits of 20/20 hindsight, there are no unusual benefits to attribute to deposited aluminosilicate solids. Although the basic hypothesis remains sound, there is no strong evidence in the literature that clearly shows benefits from particles, and most recent work demonstrates that particulates in water cause increased Pb and Cu release, as was observed in this work (Boulay & Edwards, 2000; DeMora et al, 1987; Hulsmann, 1990). On the other hand, the results obtained at pH 7.0 for Cu in this work illustrate that benefits can be obtained, at least in some circumstances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Role of Aluminosilicate deposits in Lead and Copper Corrosion

Kvech¹,

Edwards²

2001

Journal AWWA

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Aluminosilicates frequently deposit onto plumbing materials in distribution systems. Such solids were previously believed to provide some degree of corrosion protection to pipes—although at the expense of increased head loss, reduced flow, and consumer complaints related to postprecipitation. However, this work demonstrates that new copper and lead pipe sections did not benefit from the deposition of aluminosilicate solids. In fact, in most situations the presence of solids actually caused the release of more metal to drinking water compared with solutions without solids. Final pH played a key role in determining the extent of copper corrosion, and the aluminum deposits prevented increases in pH during stagnation through a buffering action.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Role of Aluminosilicate deposits in Lead and Copper Corrosion

Kvech¹,

Edwards²

2001

Journal AWWA

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“… 5 , 11 , 14 − 18 Aluminum precipitation that results in suspended particles or colloids may generate a mobile sink for lead, facilitating lead transport from source to tap. 19 − 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Lead Release into Drinking Water and the Effect of Aluminum

et al. 2022

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Monitoring lead in drinking water is important for public health, but seasonality in lead concentrations can bias monitoring programs if it is not understood and accounted for. Here, we describe an apparent seasonal pattern in lead release into orthophosphate-treated drinking water, identified through point-of-use sampling at sites in Halifax, Canada, with various sources of lead. Using a generalized additive model, we extracted the seasonally varying components of time series representing a suite of water quality parameters and we identified aluminum as a correlate of lead. To investigate aluminum’s role in lead release, we modeled the effect of variscite (AlPO 4 ·2H 2 O) precipitation on lead solubility, and we evaluated the effects of aluminum, temperature, and orthophosphate concentration on lead release from new lead coupons. At environmentally relevant aluminum and orthophosphate concentrations, variscite precipitation increased predicted lead solubility by decreasing available orthophosphate. Increasing the aluminum concentration from 20 to 500 μg L –1 increased lead release from coupons by 41% and modified the effect of orthophosphate, rendering it less effective. We attributed this to a decrease in the concentration of soluble (<0.45 μm) phosphorus with increasing aluminum and an accompanying increase in particulate lead and phosphorus (>0.45 μm).

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“…A number of researchers have noted the importance and even predominance of lead particles versus soluble lead. “Flaking lead” particles larger than 12 μm associated with scale detaching from a pipe were observed, along with colloidal lead fractions associated with iron oxides and humic acids (De Mora et al, 1987; Hulsmann, 1990). Particulate lead was clearly demonstrated to come from solder lead–tin joints in pipe rigs (Bisogni et al, 2000), and a small survey of lead in potable water from around the United States revealed numerous instances in which most of the lead was present as particulates (sometimes ≥ 1,000 μg/L Pb) in first‐draw tap samples (McNeill and Edwards, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Particles in Potable Water

Triantafyllidou¹,

Parks²,

Edwards³

2007

Journal AWWA

112

142

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The occurrence of particulate lead in drinking water deserves increased scrutiny. This is especially true because models of human exposure to lead, sampling protocols, analytical methods, and environmental assessments are often based on the presumed dominance of soluble lead in drinking water. Recent cases of childhood lead poisoning were tied to solder particles that detached from the plumbing and contaminated the potable water supply. In cases such as these, common samplehandling procedures can “miss” particulate lead present in water samples. In some instances, the actual amount of lead present in drinking water samples may be five times higher than that obtained using approved protocols. The presence of chloride, warmer temperature, and lower pH in the human stomach may render a significant fraction of this “missed” particulate lead as bioavailable when ingested.

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The effect of water treatment on the speciation and concentration of lead in domestic tap water derived from a soft upland source

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Role of Aluminosilicate deposits in Lead and Copper Corrosion

Role of Aluminosilicate deposits in Lead and Copper Corrosion

Seasonal Lead Release into Drinking Water and the Effect of Aluminum

Lead Particles in Potable Water

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