The Effect of Withdrawal Rate on Crystal Structure Perfection, Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Single Crystal Castings Made of CMSX-4 Nickel-Based Superalloy

Gancarczyk, Kamil; Zubko, Maciej; Hanc-Kuczkowska, Aneta; Kościelniak, Barbara; Albrecht, R.; Szeliga, Dariusz; Motyka, Maciej; Ziaja, W.; Sieniawski, J.

doi:10.3390/ma12203422

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Freckles: any study that talks about the formation of freckles, the harm they do, and how freckling can be avoided [5, 8, 26-28, 35, 42, 85, 90-93] Hot tears: any study that talks about the formation of hot tears, the harm they do, and how hot tears can be avoided [7,29,38,40,94] Porosities: any study that talks about the formation of porosities, the harm they do, and how they can be avoided [20,21,25,34,37,39,43,50,54,76] Slivers: any study that talks about the formation of sliver defects, the harm they do, and how they can be avoided [16,68] Fatigue properties: any study that deals with the different fatigue properties like fatigue life and behaviour of various superalloys [1-3, 11-14, 20-22, 30, 41, 43, 47, 58, 67, 74, 86, 95, 96] Creep properties: any study that deals with the different creep properties like creep life and behaviour of various superalloys [1,12,18,19,23,31,41,51,74,77,78] Stress/strain properties: any study that deals with the stress/strain properties like stress relaxation and rupture behaviour of various superalloys [2, 12, 13, 22-25, 33, 37, 41, 45, 47, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 74, 88] Grain selection: any study that talks in depth about the grain selection/competitive growth process that takes place when selecting a single grain while producing SX components [4,6,36,49,56,62,85,…”

Section: Research Area Papers Pertaining To the Respective Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Withdrawal rates: any study that has performed extensive examination into the withdrawal rate used during the casting procedure and its impact on the casting properties [8,18,26,32,35,49,50] 42…”

Section: Research Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After hot isostatic pressing (HIP) heat treatment, the blades were seen to not have any c + c' eutectic regions nor any micropores, and the c' phase was seen to have achieved an optimum cuboidal morphology. Another study [18] focused on how the withdrawal rate can influence the crystal structure perfection, microstructure, and creep properties. e study utilized as-cast SX rods produced using the commercial CMSX-4 Ni-superalloy for experimental purposes.…”

Section: Research Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is observation explained the lower creep resistance exhibited by thin specimens as a result of oxidation effect. Another study [18] focused on how the withdrawal rate can influence the creep properties.…”

Section: Creep Properties Of Ni-based Superalloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advancements in the Field of Ni‐Based Superalloys

Selvaraj

Sundaramali

Dev

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this review article, research papers related to recent developments in Ni-superalloy technologies have been reviewed in order to provide an insight into recent achievements and the potential for further study, research, and development in this field. In this paper, studies on various aspects of Ni-based superalloys are reviewed, such as production methods, which include widely used casting methods, as well as unconventional alternative procedures, novel techniques, or simulation and prediction of certain alloy casting properties. Reviewing was done by categorising the papers into 4 major categories: manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys, effects of alloying elements, physical and mechanical properties of Ni-based superalloys, and defects in Ni-based superalloys. The process used to make Ni-superalloy parts can have a huge impact on the production process efficiency, the final product’s quality and properties, and the defects formed in it. Investment casting is one of the most common methods for making Ni-superalloy parts. Manufacturing covers studies on various casting methods used to make Ni-based superalloy components, novel techniques and methods developed to improve casting procedures to produce better products, and alternative manufacturing methods like AM and HIP processing. Similar to production process, the role of alloying elements is also very important. Even minor changes in their compositions can cause significant changes in the final product. Simultaneously, these alloying elements appear to be more efficient in the development of new methods to control product quality, suppress defect formation, and improve material properties such as the creep and fatigue. As a result, the effects of various alloying elements used in castings of Ni-based superalloys are thoroughly examined. A material’s properties are its most important components. They assist the industrialist in selecting or developing a material based on the needs of the application/use. With this in mind, many researchers have conducted extensive research on physical and mechanical properties, as well as how to improve them. Fatigue life, stress rupture, creep properties, impact ductility, strain response, stress relaxation behaviour, and so on are some of the most important physical and mechanical properties of Ni-superalloys. This article thoroughly reviews various studies on these properties, how and by what factors they are affected, and how they can be improved. Another important factor to consider when making Ni-superalloy castings is defect formation, which can affect the properties of the final product. Freckle defects, hot tears, porosities, and slivers are some of the major defects that occur in Ni-superalloys during the casting process. This article also reviews in detail about these defects, how they form, and how they affect the final product. These defects were found to have a significant influence on a variety of properties, such as creep, fatigue behaviour, and fracture mechanism. Topics and areas such as reinforcement of Ni-superalloys with the help of CNCs and 3D printing of Ni-superalloys that can provide scope for potential future research are highlighted based on the above-reviewed papers.

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Section: Research Area Papers Pertaining To the Respective Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Creep Properties Of Ni-based Superalloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advancements in the Field of Ni‐Based Superalloys

Selvaraj

Sundaramali

Dev

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…As stated by various authors [ 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], the microstructure of polycrystalline Ni-base superalloys consists of two fundamental components. These are ordered intermetallic phases of the type γ′ (L1 2 ) or γ″ (D0 22 ), which are characterized by a high degree of coherence with the basic solid solution γ (FCC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hardness Evolution of Cast and the High-Cycle Fatigue Life Change of Wrought Ni-Base Superalloys after Additional Heat Treatment

et al. 2021

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Concerning the use of modern technologies and manufacturing systems in the production of high-stress components from Ni-base superalloys and the optimization of the production process, knowledge of the microstructure–mechanical properties relationship is very important. The microstructure of Ni-base superalloys is very closely related to the chemical composition. With the high number of alloying elements, various phases are presented in the structure of Ni-base superalloys, which have a predominantly positive effect on the mechanical properties, but also phases that reduce, in particular, the heat resistance of these materials. The aim of the presented paper is the quantification of structural parameters of two types of cast alloys, ZhS6K and IN738, where the effect of dwell at 10 and 15 h at 800 °C on the change in morphology and volume fraction of the γ′-phase precipitate was studied. The detected changes were verified by the Vickers hardness test. The IN718 superalloy was chosen as a representative of the wrought superalloy. This alloy was also annealed for 72 h at a temperature of 800 °C, and the quantification of structural parameters was performed by EDS mapping and TEM analysis. Another partial goal was to assess the effect of changes in the volume fraction of the γ′-phase and δ-phase on the change in the high-cycle fatigue life of superalloy IN 718. This superalloy was tested by dynamic cyclic loading with cycle asymmetry parameter R = −1 at an ambient temperature of 22 ± 5 °C and at a temperature of 700 ± 5 °C and with cycle asymmetry parameter R < 1 (three-point bending load) after annealing at 700 °C/72 h. The results of the quantitative analyses and fatigue tests will be further used in optimizing the design of Ni-base superalloy components by modern technologies such as additive technologies for the production of turbine blades and implemented within the philosophy of Industry 4.0.

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