The Effect of Women’s Empowerment in the Utilisation of Family Planning in Western Ethiopia: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn; Francis, Lyn; Ayele, Mhiret; Abebe, Sintayehu; Makonnen, Misrak; Stulz, Virginia

doi:10.3390/ijerph18126550

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The results of a study of Ethiopian women [32] contradicted the situation in Egypt mentioned above. The wealthier women were less likely to use family planning methods since they had a greater financial ability to support their children.…”

Section: Wealth Indexmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Women who have a degree of empowerment have greater control over childbearing decisions [28]. Women's empowerment is significantly related to using family planning methods [32]. Empowerment is associated with lower rates of undesired pregnancies, longer spacing periods in between childbirths, and lower fertility rates [33].…”

Section: Empowerment and Exposure To Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Situation of Egyptian Women in Childbearing and Family Planning and Some Related Factors: A Perspective of Correspondence Analysis

Aly¹

2023

ujph

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Fertility levels are generally lower in countries with high rates of using contraceptive methods. One of the aspects that determines the rates of women's use of these methods is their knowledge of them and the issues surrounding the reproductive process and their attitudes towards them, and then, transforming all of those into behavior. This study was conducted to assess the Egyptian women's level of "knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors" towards reproduction and family planning through an index that combines all these aspects (the KABRF Index) and by examining some of the related factors and how they are connected. The study included a sample size of 8293 women in EDHS 2014 and applied the Correspondence Analysis method. It was found that nearly one-third of the sample was rated at the lowest level of the index under study. These women are mostly the uneducated, the least educated, the poorest, the least empowered, the most exposed to spousal violence, residing in the frontier governorates and Upper Egypt, and with five or more children. Improving the position of the Egyptian women in the indicator under study requires the efforts of some state ministries to raise awareness and follow a motivation policy through granting privileges to families committed to having two children at the most and enforcing compulsory education until the completion of the secondary school.

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Section: Wealth Indexmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Empowerment and Exposure To Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Situation of Egyptian Women in Childbearing and Family Planning and Some Related Factors: A Perspective of Correspondence Analysis

Aly¹

2023

ujph

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“…Women negotiating the use of family planning is likely to occur less in households headed by males. Hence, increased power of decision-making on major household purchases, seeking health care services and attending public meetings were also positively influenced by the head of the household [ 47 , 57 ]. Therefore, addressing women’s empowerment could provide a multipronged boost in the utilisation of contraceptives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of intimate partner violence and contraceptive use: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys

Muluneh

Francis

Agho

et al. 2023

Int J Equity Health

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Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects millions of women each year and has been recognized as a leading cause of poor health, disability, and death among women of reproductive age. However, the existing studies about the association between IPV and contraceptive use have been found to be conflicting and relatively less studied, particularly in low and middle income countries, including Eastern Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). This study examines the relationship between IPV and contraceptive use in Eastern SSA countries. Methods The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 2014 to 2017 were a multi-stage cluster sample survey of 30,715 ever married (or cohabitating) women of reproductive age from six countries. The six Eastern SSA datasets were pooled and multivariable logistic regression using a hierarchical approach was performed to examine the association between IPV and contraceptive use after adjusting for women, partners, and household and health facility factors. Result Two thirds of women 67% [66.55, 67.88] were not using any modern contraceptive methods and almost half (48%) of the women had experienced at least one form of IPV from their partners. Our analysis showed a strong association with decreased odds of physical violence [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.67, 0 0.78] among women not using any contraceptive methods. Other factors associated with women not using any contraceptive methods were older women (35–49 years), illiterate couples and women from poorest households. Women who had no access to any form of communication [aOR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.36], unemployed partner [aOR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.23, 1.95] and women who travelled long distances to access health services [aOR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.26] significantly reported increased odds of not using any contraceptive methods. Conclusion Our study indicated that physical violence was negatively associated with not using any contraceptive method among married women in Eastern SSA countries. Tailored intervention messages to reduce IPV including physical violence among women not using contraceptive methods in East Africa should target those from low-socioeconomic groups especially, older women with no access to any form of communication, unemployed partners, and illiterate couples.

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“…This unintended pregnancy and sexual violence may be related to many factors in Eastern SSA countries. Firstly, it may be related to male dominance, particularly in decision making about sexual practices and accessing health care, especially contraceptives (Acharya et al, 2019; Muluneh et al, 2021c; WHO, 2013). As a result, those women experiencing IPV tend to have less negotiation power with decisions about their fertility (Hasselmann & Reichenheim, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence and Unintended Pregnancy: Eastern Sub Saharan African Countries’ Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

Muluneh

Francis

Agho

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) adversely affects female reproductive health in various ways. Similarly, it plays a critical role in women’s unintended pregnancy. This study examines the relationship between IPV and unintended pregnancy in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. This study uses data from the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in six Eastern African SSA countries. The original sample size was restricted to ever married (or cohabitating) women of reproductive age who completed the survey’s Domestic Violence Module and had a pregnancy in the previous 5 years. Svyset proportion was used to estimate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the study outcomes and multiple logistic regression was used to compare outcomes of last pregnancy by exposure to lifetime IPV committed by the most recent partner. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy in Eastern SSA was 38% [36.4, 40.34] among married women with high disparity among countries. This prevalence was 45% [42.05, 48.15] and 55% [50.0, 59.87] among women who had experienced any form of IPV and sexual violence, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women with a history of sexual violence had a higher risk of unintended pregnancy [AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.33] and increased odds of unintended pregnancy for women who had more than five living children [AOR: 4.93, 95% CI: 3.40, 7.15], women who lived in rural residences [AOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.90], and women who reported they had financial barriers for health care [AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.64]. Our findings suggest that IPV, particularly sexual violence, is a key player for higher risk of unintended pregnancy in Eastern SSA countries. This study highlights the need for developing programs and implementation of policies that integrate sexual reproductive health and IPV to reduce unintended pregnancy among married and single women.

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The Effect of Women’s Empowerment in the Utilisation of Family Planning in Western Ethiopia: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

The Situation of Egyptian Women in Childbearing and Family Planning and Some Related Factors: A Perspective of Correspondence Analysis

The Situation of Egyptian Women in Childbearing and Family Planning and Some Related Factors: A Perspective of Correspondence Analysis

The association of intimate partner violence and contraceptive use: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys

The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence and Unintended Pregnancy: Eastern Sub Saharan African Countries’ Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

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