The Effect of Word Predictability on Phonological Activation in Cantonese Reading: A Study of Eye-Fixations and Pupillary Response

Thierfelder, Philip; Durantin, Gautier; Wigglesworth, Gillian

doi:10.1007/s10936-020-09713-8

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Among the hearing readers, we found the expected pattern of results, which reflected the patterns found in previous error disruption studies (e.g., Feng et al, 2001; Thierfelder et al, 2020; Wong & Chen, 1999; Zhou et al, 2018). These readers primarily activated word meanings through orthographic representations in early processing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In GD, the effect of predictability was significant for contrasts between unrelated errors and orthographically and phonologically related error types, which suggests that context is an important factor that modulates orthographic and phonological processing in deaf readers. Importantly, the interactions between predictability and the homophonic versus unrelated and homovisemic versus unrelated contrasts indicate that deaf readers can activate phonology top-down via semantics in high-predictability contexts, which is a finding in line with patterns seen among hearing readers (Daneman & Reingold, 2000; Rayner et al, 1998; Thierfelder, Durantin, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…We found that hearing readers’ fixations on homophonic errors became increasingly shorter relative to fixations on unrelated errors as target predictability increased in GD. This pattern of results suggests that phonological representations can receive early top-down activation via semantics, which then facilitates readers in quickly resolving the homophonic error and integrating the target meaning into its sentential context (see discussion in Thierfelder, Durantin, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…While this effect was not found for Chinese when investigated by Feng et al (2001), Thierfelder, Durantin, et al (2020) re-examined this issue in an error disruption study with Cantonese-speaking readers of Chinese. Overall patterns of activation showed early, dominant effects of orthography in FFD and GD, with evidence of only late phonological activation in TRT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elliott et al (2012) suggested that those phonological units, rather than being based on acoustic information, are based on mouth-shape-based units acquired through lip-reading. Some studies have shown, upon exposure to a word’s written form, deaf readers automatically activate a mental representation of the word’s sign translation (Chiu & Wu, 2016; Meade et al, 2017; Morford et al, 2011; Pan et al, 2015; Thierfelder, Wigglesworth, et al, 2020), a process which appears to involve action simulation of the sign in the brain’s sensorimotor system (Quandt & Kubicek, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orthographic and phonological activation in Hong Kong deaf readers: An eye-tracking study

Thierfelder

Wigglesworth

Tang

2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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We used an error disruption paradigm to investigate how deaf readers from Hong Kong, who had varying levels of reading fluency, use orthographic, phonological, and mouth-shape-based (i.e., “visemic”) codes during Chinese sentence reading while also examining the role of contextual information in facilitating lexical retrieval and integration. Participants had their eye movements recorded as they silently read Chinese sentences containing orthographic, homophonic, homovisemic, or unrelated errors. Sentences varied in terms of how much contextual information was available leading up to the target word. Fixation time analyses revealed that in early fixation measures, deaf readers activated word meanings primarily through orthographic representations. However, in contexts where targets were highly predictable, fixation times on homophonic errors decreased relative to those on unrelated errors, suggesting that higher levels of contextual predictability facilitated early phonological activation. In the measure of total reading time, results indicated that deaf readers activated word meanings primarily through orthographic representations, but they also appeared to activate word meanings through visemic representations in late error recovery processes. Examining the influence of reading fluency level on error recovery processes, we found that, in comparison to deaf readers with lower reading fluency levels, those with higher reading fluency levels could more quickly resolve homophonic and orthographic errors in the measures of gaze duration and total reading time, respectively. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical implications of these findings as they relate to the lexical quality hypothesis and the dual-route cascaded model of reading by deaf adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Orthographic and phonological activation in Hong Kong deaf readers: An eye-tracking study

Thierfelder

Wigglesworth

Tang

2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The time course of Cantonese and Hong Kong Sign Language phonological activation: An ERP study of deaf bimodal bilingual readers of Chinese

Thierfelder

2024

Cognition

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Tenth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial 2023)

2023

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Hate speech detection in online platforms has been widely studied in the past. Most of these works were conducted in English and a few rich-resource languages. Recent approaches tailored for low-resource languages have explored the interests of zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning models in resource-scarce scenarios. However, languages variations between geolects such as American English and British English, Latin-American Spanish, and European Spanish is still a problem for NLP models that often relies on (latent) lexical information for their classification tasks. More importantly, the cultural aspect, crucial for hate speech detection, is often overlooked.In this work, we present the results of a thorough analysis of hate speech detection models performance on different variants of Spanish, including a new hate speech toward immigrants Twitter data set we built to cover these variants. Using mBERT and Beto, a monolingual Spanish Bert-based language model, as the basis of our transfer learning architecture, our results indicate that hate speech detection models for a given Spanish variant are affected when different variations of such language are not considered. Hate speech expressions could vary from region to region where the same language is spoken. * Work conducting during an internship at Inria Paris. 1 Please be aware that this paper contains some examples of offensive slurs that may be considered upsetting. ReferencesResham Ahluwalia, Himani Soni, Edward Callow, Anderson Nascimento, and Martine De Cock. 2018. Detecting hate speech against women in english tweets. EVALITA Evaluation of NLP and Speech Tools for Italian, 12:194.

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The Effect of Word Predictability on Phonological Activation in Cantonese Reading: A Study of Eye-Fixations and Pupillary Response

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Orthographic and phonological activation in Hong Kong deaf readers: An eye-tracking study

Orthographic and phonological activation in Hong Kong deaf readers: An eye-tracking study

The time course of Cantonese and Hong Kong Sign Language phonological activation: An ERP study of deaf bimodal bilingual readers of Chinese

Tenth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial 2023)

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