The Effect of Xylazine on the Body Temperature of Cattle

Young, P. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1979.tb05605.x

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…a2-Agonists are known to induce dose-dependent hypothermia (Ponder and Clark, 1980;Livingston et aL, 1984;MacDonald et aL, 1989;Virtanen, 1989) or hypo-or hyperthermia depending on the ambient temperature (Dockal et al, 1975;Young, 1979;Ponder and Clark, 1980;Booth, 1988c;Fayed et aL, 1989;Robertson et aL, 1990), while the effect of ketamine is controversial (Beck et al, 1971;Reuther and Brandes, 1984;Booth, 1988b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immobilization of mink (Mustela vison) with medetomidine-ketamine and remobilization with atipamezole

Arnemo

Søli

1992

Vet Res Commun

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Four groups of mink were immobilized with medetomidine-HCl (MED) 0.1 mg/kg + ketamine (KET) 5 or 7.5 mg/kg at different ambient temperatures. The induction time, degree of immobilization and analgesia, rectal temperature, heart and respiration rates were recorded at intervals throughout the immobilization period. The animals were then given atipamezole-HCl (ATI) 0.5 mg/kg for reversal at different times after injection of MED/KET and the effects of the antagonist were evaluated. Subcutaneous administration of MED/KET induced complete immobilization in all 20 animals, and the highest dose was considered suitable for major surgery. Prolonged immobilization at low ambient temperatures (-10 to +5 degrees C) caused severe hypothermia in all animals. The mean rectal temperature had dropped to 37.8 degrees C and 32.1 degrees C at 15 and 85 min, respectively, after injection of MED/KET, significantly lower than the corresponding values for animals immobilized at room temperature. Intramuscular administration of ATI 20 or 40 min after injection of MED/KET rapidly remobilized the animals without apparent side-effects. Administration of ATI to animals recovering spontaneously 90 min after injection of MED/KET induced thermogenesis (shivering) in animals immobilized at a low ambient temperature, while no such effect was seen in animals immobilized at room temperature. One hour after injection of ATI, the rectal temperatures of all treated animals had returned to normal and there were no signs of abnormal behaviour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immobilization of mink (Mustela vison) with medetomidine-ketamine and remobilization with atipamezole

Arnemo

Søli

1992

Vet Res Commun

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“…The cows in the xylazine group had higher rectal temperatures than those in the saline group at 4 hours after the epidural, but not at later time points.This ¢nding is of interest, as most reports indicate that xylazine causes hypothermia in cattle, swine, and rats (Livingston et al 1984;Tendillo et al 1995;Tiwari et al 1998). Two studies report an increase in body temperature following xylazine given intramuscularly (Young 1979) or epidurally (St. Jean et al 1990), but the reason for this temperature increase is not entirely clear. Xylazine depresses thermoregulatory mechanisms; thus, perhaps either hypothermia or hyperthermia might occur depending on the ambient temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…1998). Two studies report an increase in body temperature following xylazine given intramuscularly (Young 1979) or epidurally (St. Jean et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of caudal epidural xylazine on intraoperative distress and post-operative pain in Holstein heifers

Chevalier

Provost

Karas

2004

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…Xylazine interferes with the ability of deer to properly thermoregulate; immobilized animals are susceptible to capture‐induced hyperthermia, depending on environmental conditions (Young 1979, Nielsen 1999). Rectal temperatures >41° C put an animal at risk of cell damage and require intervention (Nielsen 1999, Kreeger and Arnemo 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of white‐tailed deer with telazol, ketamine, and xylazine, and evaluation of antagonists

Monteith

Delger

et al. 2012

J Wildl Manag

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Telazol–xylazine and ketamine–xylazine are versatile and safe drug combinations that are used frequently for chemical immobilization of cervids. Although neither combination consistently offers rapid induction and recovery, we hypothesized that a combination of Telazol, ketamine, and xylazine (TKX) would provide a safe and effective alternative for immobilization of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). During a 2‐stage study, we evaluated the effectiveness of yohimbine and tolazoline as alpha2‐adrenergic antagonists (2005–2006), and characterized the factors that affected chemical immobilization of male deer with a targeted dose of telazol (2.20 mg/kg), ketamine (1.76 mg/kg), and xylazine (0.44 mg/kg), using explosive‐charged darts (2007–2010). During the first stage, we randomly assigned deer to antagonist treatments, including a control group that did not receive an antagonist (n = 8), a tolazoline (4 mg/kg) treatment (n = 16), and a yohimbine (0.11 mg/kg) treatment (n = 15). Recovery times $({\bar {x}}\pm {\rm SE)}$ were longer (P = 0.0013) for control (150.6 ± 21.7 min) and yohimbine (74.5 ± 13.1 min), compared with tolazoline (12.5 ± 12.3 min). Tolazoline resulted in faster and more complete recovery compared with the frequent incomplete antagonism and ataxia observed with yohimbine. During the second stage, 56 immobilization events (2007–2010) with TKX yielded a mean induction time of 7.8 minutes (SE = 0.44). Repeated‐measures analyses indicated that induction and recovery were affected by body weight, with larger males taking longer to become recumbent (P = 0.08), but they recovered more rapidly (P = 0.003) following administration of tolazoline. Physiological parameters we measured under anesthesia were within normal ranges for white‐tailed deer; however, initial temperature was higher (β = −0.86) for younger males (P = 0.014). Final physiological parameters were closely related to initial measurements, with rectal temperature being the most preserved (β = 0.90); heart and respiration rate declined (β < 0.60) during anesthesia. Our results indicate that TKX may be useful for chemically immobilizing white‐tailed deer, and we recommend tolazoline as an antagonist for xylazine. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.

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The Effect of Xylazine on the Body Temperature of Cattle

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Immobilization of mink (Mustela vison) with medetomidine-ketamine and remobilization with atipamezole

Immobilization of mink (Mustela vison) with medetomidine-ketamine and remobilization with atipamezole

Effect of caudal epidural xylazine on intraoperative distress and post-operative pain in Holstein heifers

Immobilization of white‐tailed deer with telazol, ketamine, and xylazine, and evaluation of antagonists

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