The effect of zinc supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad; Mofrad, Manije Darooghegi; Nascimento, Israel Júnior Borges do; Milajerdi, Alireza; Mokhtari, Pari; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02204-5

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Calcium content was higher in Gryllus bimaculatus (72.70%) than in S. icipe (66.07%). Values obtained in this study are higher than those recorded by Rumpold and Schlüter (36), Mousavi et al (84) for A. domesticus. However, the calcium contents in this study are lower than 130 mg/100 g reported by Rumpold and Schlüter (36) for the edible cricket A. domesticus.…”

Section: Mineral Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

From Farm to Fork: Crickets as Alternative Source of Protein, Minerals, and Vitamins

et al. 2021

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Globally, there is growing interest to integrate cricket-based ingredients (flour) into food products to combat food and nutrition insecurity. However, there is lack of information on in-depth nutrient profile of the two cricket species (Scapsipedus icipe and Gryllus bimaculatus), which are the most widely consumed in Africa. Here we determined the nutrient composition of two cricket species and compared them with published records of key animal and plant sources. Our results revealed that the crude protein contents of S. icipe and G. bimaculatus were similar (56.8 and 56.9%, respectively) and comparable to those of animal protein sources. Both cricket species had balanced amino acid profiles that are superior to that of animal and plant sources, except for histidine and cysteine. The protein digestibility of S. icipe and G. bimaculatus ranged between 80 and 88%, which is comparable to that of common plant foods but slightly lower than that of animal proteins. The iron, Zinc, and potassium contents were considerably higher in both cricket species compared to that of plant and animal sources. The calcium contents of both crickets (S. icipe and G. bimaculatus) was superior to that of plant and animal origin except for kidney beans and eggs, respectively. Riboflavin, thiamine, and folic acid concentrations of S. icipe and G. bimaculatus were superior to that of the conventional sources. Vitamin A levels were significantly higher in S. icipe compared to G. bimaculatus. This implies that S. icipe and G. bimaculatus can adequately contribute to our daily required nutrient intake. Thus, integrating cricket flours into ready-to-eat food products would address some of the most pressing nutritional deficiency challenges that many developing countries have to grapple with, particularly high risk to serious health problems such as anemia, poor pregnancy outcomes, hypertension, increased risk of morbidity and mortality, stunted growth and impaired physical and cognitive development. We conclude that edible crickets present unique opportunities for improving food and nutritional insecurity status of both resource-poor and Western populations.

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Section: Mineral Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

From Farm to Fork: Crickets as Alternative Source of Protein, Minerals, and Vitamins

et al. 2021

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“…Bearing in mind a nutritional explanation for oleaginous fruits, walnut is highlighted due to its greater amount of total phenols and antioxidant potential (approximately 2,500 mg total phenol and approximately 120 μmol trolex eq/g antioxidant capacity in 100 g of fresh walnut weight) (Abe, Lajolo, & Genovese, 2010), which are factors that can modulate endothelial cells and hence being conceivable to improve BP. In addition, walnuts are a source of magnesium, potassium and zinc (USDA, 2020), which are well‐known minerals with lowering‐BP effects, as showed by meta‐analyses (Kass, Weekes, & Carpenter, 2012; Mousavi et al, 2020; Poorolajal et al, 2017). However, the content of zinc and magnesium in walnuts, as well as in any oleaginous fruits, cannot be compared to the effective dosage of these minerals for decreasing BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of walnut intake on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Jiang

Santos

et al. 2020

Phytotherapy Research

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The impact of walnuts on blood pressure (BP) is not a well-established fact. Although several studies have assessed the effects of walnut consumption on BP, results are conflicting. Thus, we examined the effects of walnut doses and length of supplementation on BP. Biomedical databases were searched for published trials that compared walnutenhanced diet to control diet. Eighteen trials met eligibility criteria (n = 1,799). Overall, walnut consumption neither did alter SBP (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.08 mmHg; 95% CI: −0.69, 0.85) nor DBP (WMD: 0.08 CI: −0.26, 0.42). In subgroup analyses, walnut ingestion ≤40 g was statistically correlated with reduction in SBP (WMD: −0.53 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.79, −0.26) and DBP (WMD: −0.191 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.384, −0.034). Moreover, the length of intervention ≥8 weeks was linked to a significant reduction in SBP (WMD: −1.18 mmHg, 95% CI: −1.30, −1.06). Following dose-response evaluation, walnut intake significantly changed SBP (p = .015) and DBP (p = .026) through a nonlinear fashion at walnut dose up to 40 g/d. Nevertheless, these statistical results cannot be translated into clinical practice, once the changes expressed as WMD are slight taking into consideration the absolute values of BP categories. In conclusion, this metaanalysis does not support walnut consumption as a BP-lowering strategy. K E Y W O R D S blood pressure, cardiovascular risk, diastolic blood pressure, meta-analysis, systolic blood pressure, walnut 1 | INTRODUCTION Hypertension or high blood pressure (BP) is a key modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hence being the main cause of global morbidity and mortality (Bochud, Marques-Vidal, Burnier, &

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“…Thus, they potentially regulate SNS, which in turn controls the cardiac output and heart rate. In addition, Zn 2+ enhances superoxide dismutase enzyme (Zn-SOD) activity and thus protects vascular endothelium [71,72]. Zinc is also reported to increase sodium excretion (diuretic activity) by modulating Na/K ATPase activity [11].…”

Section: Bp Regulating Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent systemic review and meta-analysis comprises of nine RCTs indicated that a significant reduction in SBP (−1.49 mm Hg) was observed in Zinc supplemented subjects, but no changes were noted in the case of DBP. However, subgroup analysis in overweight and elderly subjects with insulin resistance showed a marked decline in the levels of SBP and DBP after supplementation with Zn 2+ [72]. A randomized clinical trial conducted by Suliburska and others [11] and concluded that hypertensive patients who underwent monotherapy with diuretics, Ca-antagonists, and AGE inhibitor showed impaired levels of Zn 2+ along with increased oxidative stress, which might affect the BP level in a long run.…”

Section: Clinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Micronutrients on Hypertension: Evidence from Clinical Trials with a Special Focus on Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Hypertension (HT) is one of the pivotal risk factors for various detrimental diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease, and renal dysfunction. Currently, many researchers are paying immense attention to various diet formula (dietary approach) with a special focus on micro and macronutrients along with modified lifestyle and standard anti-hypertensive drugs. Micronutrients (minerals/vitamins) play a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) as they aid the function of macronutrients and also improve the anti-hypertensive functions of some anti-hypertensive agents. Even though several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of micronutrients on controlling BP, still some ambiguity exists among the nutritionists/doctors, which combination or individual mineral (dietary approach) contributes to better BP regulation. Therefore, this critical review article was attempted to delineate the underlying role of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) for the management and prevention or delaying of HT and their related complications with strong affirmation from clinical trials as well as its mechanism of controlling BP. Moreover, the major source and recommended daily allowance (RDA) of various micronutrients are included in this review for guiding common readers (especially HT subjects) and dieticians to choose/recommend a better micronutrient and their combinations (other nutrients and standard anti-hypertensive drugs) for lowering the risk of HT and its related co-morbid conditions like CVDs.

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The effect of zinc supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

From Farm to Fork: Crickets as Alternative Source of Protein, Minerals, and Vitamins

From Farm to Fork: Crickets as Alternative Source of Protein, Minerals, and Vitamins

Effects of walnut intake on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Impact of Micronutrients on Hypertension: Evidence from Clinical Trials with a Special Focus on Meta-Analysis

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