The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcome

Goldenberg, Robert L.; Tamura, Tsunenobu; Neggers, Yasmin H.; Copper, Rachel L.; Johnston, Kelley E.; DuBard, Mary B.; Hauth, John C.

doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530060037030

Cited by 275 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…After deficiency has been present for some time other manifestations may be recognized. They include retarded genital development and hypogonadism [46,[83][84][85][86], poor pregnancy outcomes and teratology [87][88][89][90][91][92][93], high morbidity and death from diarrhea, pneumonia, and other infections [94], and impaired brain function [71,[95][96]. No sign is pathognomonic.…”

Section: Physical Signs Of Zinc Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Maret

Sandstead

2006

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

922

582

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Section: Physical Signs Of Zinc Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Maret

Sandstead

2006

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

922

582

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“…33,91 The ability of supplemental calcium to decrease the risk of preterm delivery may be confined to high-risk 102,103 A clinical trial that randomly supplemented only women with plasma zinc levels below the median reported an increase in length of gestation of approximately 0.5 week (P = 0.06) and an increase in birthweight (about half of which was explained by the longer duration of gestation). 104 Studies of prenatal zinc supplementation have reported an improvement in fetal neurobehavioral development. 105 Zinc supplementation may also help protect against apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by TNF-a.…”

Section: Supplementation With Calcium and Magnesium With Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition for Multiples

Luke

2015

Clinical Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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In 2012 there were 135,943 infants of multiple pregnancies born in the United States, nearly a 2-fold increase since 1980, with twins accounting for 96% of all multiple births. To date, most perinatal morbidities associated with multiple births have proven resistant to technological or pharmaceutical interventions. Maternal nutrition can have a profound effect on the course and outcome of multiple pregnancy, with the goal of achieving optimal intrauterine growth and birthweights, and minimizing prenatal and perinatal complications for the mother and her children.

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“…The zinc status is known to be important in various pregnancy outcome measures, such as small-for-dates infants [72]. An adequate zinc intake has been shown to be needed for successful implantation and nidation in animal models [73,74].…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey to estimate total nutrient intake at conception — Dietary and supplementary

Nichols

Curtis

Rayman

et al. 2008

Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine

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Purpose. To compare the nutritional status of infertile women with non-pregnant fertile age-matched controls and to assess the periconceptional intake of nutritional supplements in pregnancy with an estimation of total micronutrient (diet and supplementary) intake.Design. An assessment of the nutritional status of infertile women and fertile, age-matched nonpregnant controls and a survey of the periconceptional intake of folic acid and other nutritional supplements. Materials and methods. Group 1: a 7-day weighed diet diary and blood tests for magnesium, mineral and pyridoxine status were used to assess the nutritional status of six infertile women and 12 nonpregnant, healthy, age-matched controls. Group 2: the periconceptional dietary intake of folic acid and other nutritional supplements was estimated in 87 pregnant women attending midwife clinics, 36 women attending an assisted conception clinic and 7 women attending a self help group for lesbian pregnancy.Results. In the group of six infertile subjects and 12 fertile controls, there was a non-significant trend for micronutrient intake in the controls to be higher than for the infertile subjects. Comparisons with the UK reference nutrient intake confirmed suboptimal nutrition in all subjects and some controls. Twenty-five per cent of controls and 33% of infertile subjects had subnormal serum selenium consistent with reduced antioxidant defence. There was also a non-significant trend for noncaeruloplasmin copper and cadmium to be higher in the infertile subjects. The combined mean dietary intake for all subjects and controls was similar to the values from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Therefore, an approximate value for the total intake of nutrients (diet and supplementation) of the 130 women in the larger survey was calculated using the mean dietary intake of the smaller group as an estimate of the dietary component. This analysis suggested suboptimal total intake for .50% of the subjects for selenium, zinc, magnesium and iodine and borderline total intake for .50% of subjects for vitamins B12, C and E, betacarotene, iron, folate + folic acid and essential fatty acids. Conclusions. Current levels of supplementation with folic acid and other nutrients are failing to compensate for poor mean dietary intake of these nutrients at the time of conception. These nutritional deficiencies are probably important contributory factors in infertility, spontaneous abortion, pregnancy complications and post-partum health problems in the mother and infant (including congenital malformations and postnatal depression).

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The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcome

Abstract: Daily zinc supplementation in women with relatively low plasma zinc concentrations in early pregnancy is associated with greater infant birth weights and head circumferences, with the effect occurring predominantly in women with a body mass index less than 26 kg/m2.

Cited by 275 publications

References 38 publications

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Nutrition for Multiples

A survey to estimate total nutrient intake at conception — Dietary and supplementary

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