The Effectiveness and Recommendation of Motor Imagery Techniques for Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

Pastora-Bernal, José-Manuel; Estebanez-Pérez, María-José; Lucena-Antón, David; García-López, Francisco-José; Bort-Carballo, Antonio; Martín-Valero, Rocío

doi:10.3390/jcm10030428

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…34 This study demonstrates that with simple exercises for AMI, the majority of cases of preoperative extension deficit are easily resolved provided that specific approaches to fatigue the hamstrings and improve quadriceps activation while also influencing neural modulation, providing biofeedback, and facilitating motor excitability are used. 5,7,27,32,44 A further important finding of this study was that the reliability of the Sonnery-Cottet classification of AMI was established with good to excellent interobserver reliabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study and Analysis of Associated Factors From the SANTI Study Group

Sonnery-Cottet,

Hopper,

Gousopoulos

et al. 2024

Am J Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is a process in which neural inhibition after injury or surgery to the knee results in quadriceps activation failure and knee extension deficit. Purpose: To determine the incidence and spectrum of the severity of AMI after acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury using the Sonnery-Cottet classification, to determine the interobserver reliability of the classification system, and to investigate potential important factors associated with AMI after ACL injury. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Consecutive patients who had an acute ACL injury between October 2021 and February 2022 were considered for study inclusion. Eligible patients underwent a standardized physical examination at their first outpatient appointment. This included an assessment of quadriceps inhibition, identification of any extension deficits, and grading of AMI and its reversibility according to the Sonnery-Cottet classification. Results: A total of 300 consecutive patients with acute ACL ruptures were prospectively enrolled in the study. Of them, 170 patients (56.7%) had AMI. Patients evaluated with AMI showed a significantly inferior Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee score, Simple Knee Value, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score than patients without AMI ( P < .0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of effusion, concomitant injuries, and high pain scores were associated with a significantly greater risk of AMI. Additional associations with the presence of AMI included a short duration between injury and evaluation, the use of crutches, and using a pillow as a support at night. In contrast, a previous ACL injury was associated with significantly lower odds of developing AMI (OR, 0.025; 95% CI, 0-0.2; P = .014). Among the 170 patients with AMI, 135 patients (79%) showed a resolution of their inhibition at the end of the consultation after application of simple exercises; the remaining 35 patients required specific rehabilitation. Interobserver reliability of the classification system was almost perfect (95% CI, 0.86-0.99). Conclusion: AMI occurs in over half of patients with acute ACL injuries. When it occurs, it is easily reversible in the majority of patients with simple exercises targeted at abolishing AMI. The presence of “red flags” should increase the index of suspicion for the presence of AMI, and these include the presence of an effusion, high pain scores, a short time between injury and evaluation, multiligament injuries, the use of crutches, and using a pillow as a support at night. Patients with a history of ipsilateral or contralateral ACL injury are at a significantly lower risk of AMI than those with a first-time ACL injury.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study and Analysis of Associated Factors From the SANTI Study Group

Sonnery-Cottet,

Hopper,

Gousopoulos

et al. 2024

Am J Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 78 However, these trials are limited by inconsistent methodologies, short-term follow-up, and small sample sizes; in a recent systematic review, Pastora-Bernal et al. 81 recommended a need for greater homogeneity between studies to draw evidence-based conclusions regarding the impact of MI in ACLR. Only 2 RCTs included in the review 77 , 80 were adequately powered (N = 101 and N = 58, respectively), with the remaining drawing conclusions from samples of 13, 10, 7, and 5 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 2 RCTs included in the review 77 , 80 were adequately powered (N = 101 and N = 58, respectively), with the remaining drawing conclusions from samples of 13, 10, 7, and 5 patients. 81 Furthermore, 3 of the 4 randomized controlled trials did not have a follow-up period past 2 months, with only 1 study 78 reporting data up to 6 months after operation. 81 Given these limitations, there is a need for more adequately powered long-term investigations to confidently delineate an evidence-based protocol using MI training in the ACLR population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 81 Furthermore, 3 of the 4 randomized controlled trials did not have a follow-up period past 2 months, with only 1 study 78 reporting data up to 6 months after operation. 81 Given these limitations, there is a need for more adequately powered long-term investigations to confidently delineate an evidence-based protocol using MI training in the ACLR population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quadriceps Weakness is Associated with Neuroplastic Changes Within Specific Corticospinal Pathways and Brain Areas After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Theoretical Utility of Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface Technology for Rehabilitation

Patel¹,

Berlinberg²,

Nwachukwu³

et al. 2023

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, there was limited evidence about strength gains among musculoskeletal disorders [ 16 ]. To date, only one study supported the positive effect of MI after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [ 30 ]. In our study, we found that four out of six included studies supported the positive effect of MI, which has not been confirmed previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of motor imagery for improving functional performance after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Jubao

Yang

et al. 2022

J Orthop Surg Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The aim of this study was to appraise the effects of motor imagery on the functional performance improvement among total knee arthroplasty patients systematically. We hypothesized a relatively greater recovery in the motor imagery group. Methods Medline (Ovid), Embase and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to October 1st, 2021. We included randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of motor imagery on the functional recovery among total knee arthroplasty patients. Measurements included range of motion, strength intensity, Visual Analogue Scale, Time Up and Go Test, Oxford Knee Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, all of which were evaluated before and after intervention. Mean differences (MD) or standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results Six studies with 168 patients were included for the meta-analysis. The SMD of strength intensity was increased (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI = [0.47]–[1.32], P < 0.001). The SMD of Visual Analogue Scale was reduced (SMD = − 0.91; 95% CI = [− 1.29]–[− 0.52], P < 0.001). The SMD of Time Up and Go Test was reduced (SMD = − 0.56, 95% CI = [− 0.94]–[− 0.19], P = 0.003). The MD of Oxford Knee Score was slightly increased (MD = 0.79-point, 95% CI = [− 0.31]–[1.88], P = 0.159). The outcomes of range of motion, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index were described according to the original data. Conclusion Compared with control therapy, motor imagery in the intervention group achieved an effective treatment for strength enhancement, pain reduction and physical activities improvement. More large-scale, prospective researches are needed in the future. Trial registration: The PROSPERO trial registration number is CRD42021250996.

show abstract

The Effectiveness and Recommendation of Motor Imagery Techniques for Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study and Analysis of Associated Factors From the SANTI Study Group

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study and Analysis of Associated Factors From the SANTI Study Group

Quadriceps Weakness is Associated with Neuroplastic Changes Within Specific Corticospinal Pathways and Brain Areas After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Theoretical Utility of Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface Technology for Rehabilitation

Effectiveness of motor imagery for improving functional performance after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About