The Effectiveness of a Bioactive Healing Abutment as a Local Drug Delivery System to Impact Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Prospective Case Series Study

Abstract

Modern dental therapy makes use of prosthetic implant reconstructions, which are supported or retained on dental implants. The most frequent, long-term complications associated with these prosthetic implants include mucositis and peri-implantitis. Since mucositis is the initial inflammation of tissues supporting the dental implant, the management of this condition is thus crucial. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the placement of bioactive healing abutment for 48 h, in patients diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis. Moreover, the quantitative and qualitative shift in the bacterial profile of the biofilm present in the peri-implant pockets, was assessed by means of RT-PCR genotyping. Each patient was examined using a commercially available PET test protocol: the first sample was taken upon diagnosis (after which the bioactive healing abutment, with clindamycin at a dose of 30 mg, was used for 48 h and replaced with the prosthetic superstructure used so far by a patient); the second sample was taken two weeks after removal of the bioactive healing abutment. The effects of the intervention were clinically assessed using the PET test after the two weeks. A significant reduction in mucositis was observed following treatment, as measured by periodontal indices: modified Sulcus Bleeding Index—mBI (p < 0.001), modified Plaque Index—PLI (r = 0.69, Z= −4.43; p < 0.001) and probing depth—PD (Z = −4.61; p < 0.001). Significant differences in the occurrence of periopathogenic bacteria were also observed: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (p < 0.014; Z = −2.45; r = 0.38), Treponema denticola (p < 0.005; Z = −2.83; r = 0.44), Tannerella forsythia (p < 0.001; Z = −4.47; r = 0.69) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (p < 0.132; Z = −1.51).