The effectiveness of a self‐efficacy‐focused structured education programme on adults with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Aims and objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness of a self-efficacy-focused structured education programme on outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without insulin therapy.Background: Structured education regarding metabolic control in T2DM adults without insulin therapy has not always been effective, and this lack of effectiveness might be due to overlooking self-efficacy. Whether a self-efficacy-focused structured education programme could improve metabolic and psychosocial outcomes for T2DM adults more effectively remains unknown. Design:A multicentre parallel randomised controlled concealed label trial. Methods:The study conducted in outpatients of four hospitals in China. A total of 265 T2DM adults without insulin therapy were randomly assigned to an intervention group of a self-efficacy-focused structured education programme (n = 133), or to a control group of routine education (n = 132). The differences in metabolic and psychosocial outcomes were investigated at baseline, three-and 6-month follow-ups. Results:The primary outcome of A1C and the secondary outcomes of weight, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic pressure, self-efficacy, self-management behaviours and knowledge improved significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group at 6-month follow-up. The differences in A1C between groups for patients with a low educational background at 6-month follow-up were significant. No significant differences were found in other secondary outcomes of systolic pressure, the blood lipid profile and diabetes distress between groups at 6month follow-up. Conclusions:This programme can improve glycaemic control, weight control, diastolic pressure, self-efficacy, self-management behaviours and diabetes knowledge for T2DM adults. S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. How to cite this article: Jiang X-J, Jiang H, Lu Y-H, et al. The effectiveness of a self-efficacy-focused structured education programme on adults with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Effect of educational interventions on knowledge of the disease and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

“… 69 The sample size varied from 60 53 to 300 participants. 55 Educational interventions in the review were guided by the following theories or models: three studies used the theory of self-efficacy, 54 63 67 three studies 56 61 66 used empowerment theory, two studies 60 68 used theory of self- efficacy and motivational interviewing, and one study used either chronic care model, 55 PRECEDE-PROCEED model, 62 BASNEF model 59 or behavioural theory. 64 However, the remainder of the articles 51–53 57 58 65 69 used non-theory or model-based approaches.…”

Development and Validation of the Nurse Prescribing Self-Efficacy Scale

“…High levels of self-efficacy have been linked to greater personal motivation and higher effort expenditure towards carrying out an activity in the best possible way (Boswell et al, 2020; Cope et al, 2020; Orgun & Karaoz, 2014). Evidence suggests that higher levels of self-efficacy are associated not only with skills acquisition (Brannagan et al, 2013) but also with making behavioral changes towards achieving a goal after receiving an educational intervention (Grønning et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2019). On the contrary, low levels of self-efficacy have been considered a barrier to task performance and goal achievement (Boswell et al; 2020; Cope et al, 2020; Hernández-Padilla et al, 2016; Nuttall, 2018).…”

The Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy-Focused Structured Education Program (SSEP) in Improving Metabolic Control and Psychological Outcomes of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A 12-Month Follow-Up of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Furthermore, this study, focusing on the 12-month follow-up time point, is a part of studies on the topic of the self-efficacy-focused structured education program. In the existing study, 10 , 21 the demographic characteristics, and the comparisons of age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, individual income, medical insurance, years of taking medicine, medication use and diabetes complications that was comparable between the two groups were reported. The flowchart of the participants is displayed in Figure 1 .…”

“…The contents of follow-up covered the patients’ self-management behaviors aspects and individualized problems posed by the patients. 21 Each module lasted for nearly 60–90 min, and each follow-up was basically 10–15 min. The program aimed to promote patients recruited in the learning, motivate patients to change, develop and sustain self-management behaviors by primarily stressing the enhancement of patients’ self-efficacy.…”