“…No other large-sample longitudinal study has investigated these associations in early childhood for the general population. The findings align with those that document relations between parentchild music therapy and improved social skills in early childhood for specialized populations (Nicholson et al, 2010 andWilliams et al, 2012), and those that link group music-making with improved empathy and prosociality in early (Kirschner & Tomasello, 2010), and middle childhood (Rabinowitch, Cross, & Burnard, 2012). Early parent-child music activities such as singing (including action songs), dancing, and playing instruments might provide an important opportunity for children to practice imitation, shared intentionality, social interaction, cooperation, and mutual responsivity with a trusted caregiver (Pasiali, 2012 andRabinowitch et al, 2012).…”