The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Tai Chi Exercise on Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment

Hsieh, Chih-Jen; Lin, Pay-Shin; Hsu, Wen‐Chuin; Wang, Jong‐Shyan; Huang, Yu‐Chen; Lim, Ai-Yin; Hsu, Yuan-Ming

doi:10.1159/000494659

Cited by 62 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…28 Recent increasing studies showed Tai Chi exercise also had positive effect in improving the global cognitive function and memory, executive ability in older adults with cognitive impairment. 29 A study reported that a 12-week Baduanjin training with 1 hour per day for five days per week could prevent the age-related memory decline in community healthy older adults. 30 Another research revealed that the eight-week Baduanjin training had positive benefit to improve executive domain in a young and healthy population; the mechanism might be due to that the mental process of the Baduanjin exercise involves self-regulation (or self-control of cognitive and emotional processes) as core cultivation, and the executive function shares with the brain circuits of self-regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Zheng

Xiong

et al. 2020

Clin Rehabil

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Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin training on the cognitive function in stroke survivors with cognitive impairment. Design: A randomized, two-arm parallel controlled trial with allocation concealment and assessors blinding. Setting: Community centre of Fuzhou city, China. Subjects: A total of 48 participants were recruited and randomly allocated into the Baduanjin exercise intervention or control group. Interventions: The control group maintained original medication and rehabilitation treatment. The Baduanjin training group received 24-week Baduanjin training with a frequency of three days a week and 40 minutes a day based on original medication and rehabilitation treatment. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was global cognitive function. Secondary outcome measures included the specific domains of cognition (i.e. memory, processing speed, execution, attention and visuospatial ability) and activities daily living. Results: In total, 41 (Baduanjin n = 22, control n = 19) participants completed 24-week treatment and data collection. Mean differences between groups at 24-week treatment were statistically significant for global cognitive function (MoCA: 2.54 (0.91 to 4.16)), execution (TMT-A: −42.4 (−75.0 to −9.8); TMT-B: −71.3 (−130.6 to −12.1)), memory (immediate recall: 2.11 (0.49 to 3.73); short-term delayed recognition: 2.47 (0.58 to 4.35) and long-term delayed recognition: 1.68(0.18 to 3.17)), attention (response time of alertness: −245.5 (−387 to −104)) and activities of daily living (modified Barthel Index). Conclusion: Regular Baduanjin training is associated with less loss of cognitive function in patients after stroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Zheng

Xiong

et al. 2020

Clin Rehabil

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“…Exergames have been gradually implemented in rehabilitation [ 37 , 38 ], education [ 39 ], and other fields [ 40 ], and have been widely accepted by a range of populations from children [ 41 , 42 ] to the elderly [ 43 , 44 ]; moreover, positive results were found for individuals with various diseases such as dementia [ 45 ], stroke [ 46 ], Parkinson disease [ 34 ], multiple sclerosis [ 47 ], cystic fibrosis [ 48 ], and cancer [ 49 ]. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of exergaming in improving physical functions such as gait and balance [ 50 ], motion control [ 51 ], and exercise capacity [ 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Exergaming in Improving Cognitive and Physical Function in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: Systematic Review

Zhao

Feng

et al. 2020

JMIR Serious Games

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Background Individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia have impaired physical and cognitive functions, leading to a reduced quality of life compared with those without such impairment. Exergaming, which is defined as a combination of exercise and gaming, is an innovative, fun, and relatively safe way to exercise in a virtual reality or gaming environment. Therefore, exergaming may help people living with mild cognitive impairment or dementia to overcome obstacles that they may experience regarding regular exercise and activities. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to review studies on exergaming interventions administered to elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and to summarize the results related to physical and cognitive functions such as balance, gait, executive function, and episodic memory. Methods We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Amed, and Nursing Database for articles published from the inception of the respective databases to January 2019. We included all clinical trials of exergaming interventions in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia for review. The risk of bias was independently evaluated by two reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools. Results Ten studies involving 702 participants were included for review. There was consistent evidence from 7 studies with a low risk of bias showing statistically significant effects of exergaming on cognitive functioning in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. With respect to physical function, 3 of 5 full-scale studies found positive results, and the intensity of most games was classified as moderate. Conclusions Overall, exergaming is an innovative tool for improving physical and cognitive function in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, although there is high heterogeneity among studies in terms of the duration, frequency, and gaming platform used. The quality of the included articles was moderate to high. More high-quality studies with more accurate outcome indicators are needed for further exploration and validation of the benefits of exergaming for this population.

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“…Other studies performing verbal fluency or animal name fluency in healthy older adults [25] and in older adults with mild cognitive decline [21,23] did not indicate statistically significant improvements. Other types of executive function measures were used in six studies [19,[21][22][23][24][25]. Dualtask performance during motor and cognitive tasks measured by TUG-cog performed by healthy older adults indicated statistically significant improvement compared to the control group [21] but not TUG-DT performed by older adults with mild cognitive decline [19].…”

Section: Executive Functionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The intervention period of the included studies was six-weeks-six-months. Three studies were conducted for six months [17,20,21], two studies were conducted for three months [16,24], one study was conducted for eight weeks [22], one study was conducted for seven weeks [18], and four studies were conducted for six weeks [19,23,25,26]. Three studies used a stationary bike equipped with a VR display ("Cybercycle" or "Cycle-ergometer") as the method of VR-PE [16,17,23].…”

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of VR Physical Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2021

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It is well known that physical exercise has beneficial effects on cognitive function in older adults. Recently, several physical exercise programs with virtual reality (VR) have been proposed to support physical exercise benefits. However, it is still unclear whether VR physical exercise (VR-PE) has positive effects on cognitive function in older adults. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review (SR) of the effects of VR-PE on cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive decline. We used academic databases to search for research papers. The criteria were intervention study using any VR-PE, participants were older adults with and without mild cognitive decline (not dementia), and cognitive functions were assessed. We found that 6 of 11 eligible studies reported the significant benefits of the VR-PE on a wide range of cognitive functions in aging populations. The SR revealed that VR-PE has beneficial effects on the inhibition of executive functions in older adults with and without mild cognitive decline. Moreover, VR-PE selectively leads to improvements in shifting and general cognitive performance in healthy older adults. The SR suggests that VR-PE could be a successful approach to improve cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive decline.

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The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Tai Chi Exercise on Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment

Cited by 62 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of Exergaming in Improving Cognitive and Physical Function in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: Systematic Review

Benefits of VR Physical Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

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