The effectiveness of a visor as a surgical barrier: an inverted position is better

Loveridge, J.M.; Gozzard, C.; Bannister, G.C.

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.04.008

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These face shield results were attributable to the lack of a peripheral fit. [19] In a human study using sprayed water during simulated surgery, Loveridge et al [20] observed a 40.5% incidence of contamination of the inner surface of a combination surgical mask with integral visor and 6.5% contamination of the wearers' face. Bentley et al [21] demonstrated that use of a face shield by dental personnel during simulated dental procedures on a mannequin head did not prevent aerosol contamination of a concurrently worn, cup-shaped surgical face mask.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), a respirator (e.g., N95 FFR, at a minimum) should be used in conjunction with the face shield. [37] Medical/surgical masks with integral visors should not be relied upon as optimal protection, [12] as evidenced by facial and ocular contamination in human and nonhuman research studies [17,18,20] and human ocular exposure to infectious agents when wearing these combination devices. [22,23] The recommended PPE donning and doffing sequence for a face shield in healthcare settings should be followed (donning sequence is gown, protective facemask, face shield [or goggles] and gloves; the doffing sequence is the reverse) keeping in mind that it may vary according to the equipment needed for the particular hazard.…”

Section: Proper Use Of Face Shieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Face shields for infection control: A review

Roberge

2016

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

181

192

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Face shields are personal protective equipment devices that are used by many workers (e.g., medical, dental, veterinary) for protection of the facial area and associated mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) from splashes, sprays, and spatter of body fluids. Face shields are generally not used alone, but in conjunction with other protective equipment and are therefore classified as adjunctive personal protective equipment. Although there are millions of potential users of face shields, guidelines for their use vary between governmental agencies and professional societies and little research is available regarding their efficacy.

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Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proper Use Of Face Shieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face shields for infection control: A review

Roberge

2016

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

181

192

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“…Furthermore, the selection of the most appropriate facial protection model will depend on the circumstances of exposure, the other PPEs used simultaneously, and the need for accurate visibility for the professional who will be using the protection [28]. Face shields with only Velcro ® or elastic strips tend to be easier to put on, and removal can be performed with a single hand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting factors of face shield use for health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Silva

Nogueira

Gir

et al. 2021

WOR

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BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2, a highly transmissible and pathogenic viral infection, and was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Three months later, it became a severe pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To identify scientific evidence on the use of face shields by health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHOD: An integrative literature review of articles obtained from PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science databases was undertaken. For the search, controlled, non-controlled descriptors and specific keywords: “face shield,” “fluid resistance procedure,” “respiratory infections,” “healthcare workers,” “COVID-19,” “aerosols,” and “personal protection infection” were used. RESULTS: The sample comprised seven studies. The available evidence has shown that face shields do not have a defined standard for their production—their effectiveness depends on the quality of the visor, structure, and fixation system. They must be used as adjuvants to other personal protective equipment (PPE), and their isolated use is not recommended due to the fragilities of peripheral face sealing, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic period. CONCLUSION: Due to the shortage of this equipment, domestic face shields can be indicated if they meet production requirements, based on scientific evidence for their efficient use.

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“…Multiple options available to satisfy the three requirements of eye protection, N95 mask preservation, and usability in the operating room (OR) under sterile conditions. If an integrated visor/mask is utilized, it should be inverted on the forehead and a second simple surgical mask can be placed over the N95 for preservation of N95 in times of scarcity [9]. Some may not be suitable for full N95 coverage, especially if reusable N95 half-face masks are used, because they are bulkier than the disposable N95.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Sterile Personal Protective Equipment Donning and Doffing Procedure to Protect Surgical Teams from SARS-CoV-2 Exposure during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Evans

Thomas

Bell

et al. 2020

Surgical Infections

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become an increasingly challenging problem throughout the world. Because of the numerous potential modes of transmission, surgeons and all procedural staff represent a unique population that requires standardized procedures to protect themselves and their patients. Although several protocols have been implemented during other infectious disease outbreaks, such as Ebola virus, no standardized protocol has been published in regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A multidisciplinary team of two surgeons, an anesthesiologist, and an infection preventionist was assembled to create a process with sterile attire adapted from the National Emerging Special Pathogen Training and Education Center (NETEC) donning and doffing process. After editing, a donning procedure and doffing procedure was created and made into checklists. The procedures were simulated in an empty operating room (OR) with simulation of all personnel roles. A ''dofficer'' role was established to ensure real-time adherence to the procedures. Results: The donning and doffing procedures were printed as one-page documents for easy posting in ORs and procedural areas. Pictures from the simulation were also obtained and made into flow chart-style diagrams that were also posted in the ORs. Conclusions: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a quickly evolving pandemic that has spread all over the globe. With the rapid increase of infections and the increasing number of severely ill individuals, healthcare providers need easy-to-follow guidelines to keep themselves and patients as safe as possible. The processes for donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) presented here provide an added measure of safety to surgeons and support staff to provide quality surgical care to positive and suspected COVID-19-positive patients.

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The effectiveness of a visor as a surgical barrier: an inverted position is better

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Face shields for infection control: A review

Face shields for infection control: A review

Limiting factors of face shield use for health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Development of a Sterile Personal Protective Equipment Donning and Doffing Procedure to Protect Surgical Teams from SARS-CoV-2 Exposure during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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