The Effectiveness of Aids Education

Sisk, Jane E.; Hewitt, Maria; Metcalf, Kelly

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.7.5.37

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Coates, 1990;Des Jarlais et al, 1990;H. G. Miller et al, 1990;Sisk, Hewitt, & Metcalf, 1988), and a literature that catalogues AIDS-risk-reduction efforts in public schools and in drug abuse programs (Friedman, Des Jarlais, & Goldsmith, 1989;Kenney, Guardado, & Brown, 1989).…”

Section: Exhortations and Recommendations For Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing AIDS-risk behavior.

Fisher

Fisher²

1992

Psychological Bulletin

2,050

1,771

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Thisanicle contains a comprchcnsivc. critical rwicw of the acquirc'd immunodcficicncy syndrome (AIDSFrisk-reduction literature on interventions that have targeted risky sexual behavior and intravenous drug use practices. A conceptually based, highly gcncnlizable model for promoting and evaluating AIDS-risk behavior change in any population of intemt is then proposed. The modcl holds that AIDS-risk reduction isa function of people's information about AIDS transmission and prcvcntion, their motivation to rcducc A i h risk. and their behavioral skills for performing the specific acts involved in risk rcduaion. Supportive tats of this model, using structural equation modeling techniques, arc then rcponed for populationsof university studentsand gay malca5nity group members.Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) hasbecorrone of the major public health thrr;ts of the twentieth century. This disease is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is transmitted through sexual contact and blood and body fluid vectors. AIDS has already been diagnosed in over 196,000 Americans (Centers for Disease Control, 199 1 ), and a cumulative 390,000-480.000 AIDS cases are expected in the United States by the end of 1993 (Centers for Disease Contrc!. 1992). An estimated 1.5 million Americansarecurrcntly asymp tomatic carriers of HIV (U.S. Public Health Service. 1988); these people arc both infectious to othcn and likely to develop AIDS themselves. AIDS has already had devastating e K e a in populations of gay men (Centers for Disease Control. 1990). minorities ' (Mays, 1989; Quimby & Fricdman. 1989). parcnteral drug users and thcir partners and children (Dcs Jadaisct al, 1989; McCoy & Khoury, 1990), and hemophiliacs (Stehr-G m n , Holman. Jason, & Evatt, 1988); widence suggests that the general hcterosexually active public is increasingly at riskas well (Burke et al, 1990; Gordin, Gilbert, Hawley, & Willoughby, 1990; T. E. Miller, Booraem, Flowen, & Iverscn, 1990; St. Louis et al, 1990).Because HIV is communicated by specific patterns of risky behavior, it can be prevented by appropriate behavioral change.' For example, when practictd with HIV-infected partwrs, anal intercourx, vaginal intercourse, and the sharing of unclean needles have been identified as behavion that pose This research was Supported by grants from the National Instituteof Mental Health (1 -ROI -MH462240 1 ) and the Social Sciences and Humanitia Research Council of Canada (410-87-19333) Moses. 1990). It is possible for people to avoid these behavion, or to engage in safer variantsof them (eg, to use condoms when engaging in potentially risky sexual acts, to clean needles with bleach before sharing them), and thus to reduce their risk of HIV infection. However, behavior change in the direction of prevention remains inconsistent among gay men (Hays, Kcgcles, & Coats, 1990; Kelly & St. Lawrence, 1990; McCombs & White, 1990, Stall, Coates, & Hoff, 1988. minorities (Mays & Cochran. 1988). hemophiliacs (Centers for Discax Control, 1987; Clcmow et al, 1989)...

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Section: Exhortations and Recommendations For Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing AIDS-risk behavior.

Fisher

Fisher²

1992

Psychological Bulletin

2,050

1,771

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, young adults do not feel susceptible (Chilman, 1983). Although they may intellectually understand the disease and the means of transmission (Dawson, Cynamon, & Fitti, 1987;Gallup Poll, 1988), they have an unrealistic self-serving bias that minimizes their perceptions of AIDS as a personal threat (Hansen, Hahn, & Wolkenstein, 1990;Sisk, Hewitt & Metcalf, 1988). A second possible explanation why knowledge may not predict risk perception is the nature of the messages themselves.…”

Section: Theoretical Framework and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marketing AIDS Prevention: The Differential Impact Hypothesis Versus Identification Effects

Basil

Brown

1997

J Consum Psychol

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Social marketing may be used to change people's AIDS risk perceptions. Two competing hypotheses address those perceptions. First, the impersonal impact hypothesis proposes that mass communication affects judgments of societal risk while interpersonal communication affects judgments of personal risk. Second, the differential impact hypothesis proposes that the media affect personal risk judgments when the message involves a personalized depiction. Identification is proposed as the mechanism. These predictions were investigated in two studies of Magic Johnson's announcement that he was HIV positive. The first study compared the effects of naturally occurring mass and interpersonal communication. The second study assigned students to watch tapes of the news story or to participate in interpersonal discussion. The results are generally inconsistent with thedifferential impact hypothesis. Because respondents' identification with Magic Johnson was a determinant and mediator of social and personal concern in both studies, the results support the importance of the identification process.

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“…Several scholars have found that there is a general misconception regarding the risk of HIV and/or AIDS transmission (Nelson, Ojebuyi & Salawi 2016 ; Sisk et al 1988 ; Vaghela 2015 ). This misconception relates to the fact that educated people such as students enrolled at a university are supposed to be more aware of the transmission risks, and therefore less likely to become infected by the virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and structural vulnerability as a barrier in HIV and/or AIDS communication campaigns: Perceptions of undergraduate students at a South African tertiary institution

Kunguma¹,

Pelser²,

Tanyi³

et al. 2018

Jàmbá

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The multicultural nature of a higher academic institution comprising students from different backgrounds can either negatively or positively influence student behaviour. Students might engage in high-risk practices, which in turn can make them vulnerable to HIV infection. Higher academic institutions are then tasked with finding strategies that can help to reduce this risk and vulnerability to HIV and/or AIDS. However, there are many issues and barriers, both from the institution and students, which can impede the success of any communication strategy. The University of the Free State’s main campus was selected for this study. A sample of 402 students from a total of 17 591 undergraduate students participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was randomly distributed to the undergraduate students. The sample was compiled across all faculties, as well as on campus and off campus. A transact walk on campus with an observation checklist was also used for triangulation purposes. The observation checklist helped to collect data on the visibility of male and female condoms in toilet facilities, and HIV and/or AIDS information on noticeboards, bins, stationery, billboards, etc. The main finding indicated that students were not knowledgeable about HIV and/or AIDS campaigns rolled out on campus. To support this, the observational transact walk results indicated that there were no visible campaigns on campus. Also, problems with existing communication and organisational barriers were found not only with the students but also with the implementation office. This study recommends that the university needs to engage with the students by identifying the root cause of their vulnerability. The university should explore and make use of all the available resources for a successful intervention, thereby building students’ resilience in preventing HIV infection.

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The Effectiveness of Aids Education

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Changing AIDS-risk behavior.

Changing AIDS-risk behavior.

Marketing AIDS Prevention: The Differential Impact Hypothesis Versus Identification Effects

Social and structural vulnerability as a barrier in HIV and/or AIDS communication campaigns: Perceptions of undergraduate students at a South African tertiary institution

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