The effectiveness of alcohol control policies on alcohol-related traffic fatalities in the United States

Chang, Koyin; Wu, Chin Chih; Ying, Yung Hsiang

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.08.008

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Dicha situación ha quedado de manifi esto en estudios daneses y noruegos 13 , como también en análisis económicos publicados en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica 17 . Con todo, se trata de resultados controversiales, en la medida que otras investigaciones han reportado o sugerido una reducción de los AT con resultado fatal asociados al alcohol [18][19][20][21] . Hechas estas consideraciones, resulta posible e incluso prudente entender que el benefi cio cultural que puede surgir a partir de la nueva ley poseerá (como lo señalan Chang et al 18 ) un efecto limitado, dado lo cual la disminución de la accidentabilidad a largo plazo exigirá programas sostenidos de controles policiales aleatorios 2,[22][23][24] .…”

Section: Fortalezas De La Nueva Leyunclassified

Ley chilena de tolerancia cero al alcohol: fortalezas, falencias y carencias que no deben ser obviadas

González-Wilhelm

Johnson²,

Carnevali

et al. 2012

Rev. méd. Chile

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Alcohol zero tolerance law in Chile: strengths, fl aws and shortcomings that should not be overlooked . Es así como con CSE de 0,5 g‰ el riesgo de un AT mortal se duplica, desde 0,8 g‰ es diez veces más alto; 20 veces mayor a partir de 1,0 g‰ y 100 veces más a partir de 1,5 g‰ 4 . Estadísticas tanto nacionales 8 como internacionales 9 indican que los AT asociados al alcohol ocurren fundamentalmente de noche y durante los fi nes de semana, siendo causados principalmente por varones, la mayoría de ellos jóvenes. Varios estudios 1,10-12 dan cuenta además que dichos conductores exhiben una serie de conductas viales que les son típicas (Tabla 1), en virtud de las cuales lo más frecuente es que generen AT producto de conducción a exceso de velocidad o por no mantener correctamente la pista de circulación 9 . En muchos países las tasas de AT asociados al alcohol han sido reducidas disminuyendo el límite legal aceptable 2 . Es así como desde inicios de la década de 1990-99 países como Suecia, Noruega, España, Suiza o Japón han reducido la CSE que determina una sanción judicial a valores inferiores a 0,5 g‰ [13][14] . Recién este año Chile ha adherido a esa tendencia a partir de la reciente entrada en vigencia de la Ley N° 20.580 que aumenta las sanciones por manejo en estado de ebriedad, bajo la infl uencia de sustancias estupefacientes o psicotrópicas y bajo la infl uencia del alcohol. Dicho cuerpo legal disminuye de 0,5 g‰ a 0,3 g‰ la concentración con la cual una persona será considerada "bajo la infl uencia del alcohol" y de 1,0 g‰ a 0,8 g‰ la concentración a partir de la cual se le considerará "en estado de ebriedad" 15 . El objetivo de la presente revisión es dar cuenta

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Section: Fortalezas De La Nueva Leyunclassified

Ley chilena de tolerancia cero al alcohol: fortalezas, falencias y carencias que no deben ser obviadas

González-Wilhelm

Johnson²,

Carnevali

et al. 2012

Rev. méd. Chile

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“…13 Most policy studies have examined the effects of discrete alcohol policies. [24][25][26][27][28] However, all states use multiple alcohol policies, which may result in combined or interactive effects, 29,30 and this overall alcohol policy environment varies widely in US states. 24 Our research team recently developed a scale to measure the policy environment in US states and Washington, DC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Youth Drinking in the United States: Relationships With Alcohol Policies and Adult Drinking

2015

PEDIATRICS

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BACKGROUND: The relationship between the alcohol policy environment (ie, the combined effectiveness and implementation of multiple existing alcohol policies) and youth drinking in the United States has not been assessed. We hypothesized that stronger alcohol policy environments are inversely associated with youth drinking, and this relationship is partly explained by adult drinking.METHODS: Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) scores that characterized the strength of the state-level alcohol policy environments were assessed with repeated cross-sectional Youth Risk Behavior Survey data of representative samples of high school students in grades 9 to 12, from biennial years between 1999 and 2011. RESULTS:In fully adjusted models, a 10 percentage point increase in APS scores (representing stronger policy environments) was associated with an 8% reduction in the odds of youth drinking and a 7% reduction in the odds of youth binge drinking. After we accounted for youth-oriented alcohol policies, the subgroup of population-oriented policies was independently associated with lower odds of youth drinking (adjusted odds ratio 0.94; 95% confidence interval 0.92-0.97) and youth binge drinking (adjusted odds ratio 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.94-0.99). State-level per capita consumption mediated the relationship between population-oriented alcohol policies and binge drinking among youth.CONCLUSIONS: Stronger alcohol policies, including those that do not target youth specifically, are related to a reduced likelihood of youth alcohol consumption. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce youth drinking should incorporate population-based policies to reduce excessive drinking among adults as part of a comprehensive approach to preventing alcohol-related harms. Future research should examine influence of alcohol policy subgroups and discrete policies. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Youth drinking is associated with adult drinking. Alcohol policies can influence youth and adult drinking. However, it is unknown whether alcohol policies influence youth drinking patterns directly or through their effect on adult drinking. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Alcohol policies, including population-oriented policies, are protective for youth drinking. The effect of population-oriented policies may be mediated though effects on adults. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce youth drinking should rely on policies that address all age groups. Dr Xuan helped design the study, supervised statistical analysis, interpreted data and results, and drafted and revised the manuscript; Mr Blanchette coordinated data collection on alcohol policies, contributed to the development of the Alcohol Policy Scale, conducted statistical analyses, interpreted data and results, and made critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content; Dr Nelson contributed to conception and design of the study, contributed to interpretation of data results, and made critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content; Ms Nguyen collect...

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“…Some countries also have broader measures focused on alcohol consumption rather than drink-driving such as the social host liability legislation (Dills, 2010), effective advocacy organisations such as Mothers Against Drunk-Driving (MADD) in the US (Fell & Voas, 2006) and health education in the form of alcohol consumption guidelines in various countries to reduce both alcohol related injuries immediately following alcohol consumption and a potential long term effect on the health of alcohol users (Coulson et al, 2010;Stockwell et al, 2009;WHO, 2000). The specific drinkdriving strategies and broader consumption measures have complemented each other to contribute to sustained declines in alcohol related road injury and fatality rates over the last three decades in the advanced countries (Chang et al, 2012;Freeman & Watson, 2006). In the United States for instance, alcohol related fatalities have significantly declined from 60% in 1982 to 40% in 2006 due to the effectiveness of countermeasures based on deterrent laws which are highly enforced (Carpenter, 2004;Shults et al, 2001) and broader measures such as the social host liability and MADD (Dills, 2010;Fell & Voas, 2006) have had some successes in countries where they have been tried.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been established in New South Wales, Australia, that alcohol is implicated in about 20% of all fatal road traffic crashes (NSW Police Force, 2015). Consequently, most advanced countries have prioritised alcohol research to inform their policies in an effort to minimise alcohol related road injuries to improve road safety (Chang et al, 2012). For instance, in most of the industrialised countries, such as Australia, Austria and Norway the current legal Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) laws are not only low (0.05 g/100ml or below) but also enforcement of the drink-driving law in these countries was rated high between 7 and 9 on a scale of 10 (WHO, 2013b, pp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Alcohol Use among Road Users and Its Impact on Traffic Crash Severity in Ghana

Derry¹

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This program of research, which was guided by Haddon's Matrix and deterrence theory conceptual frameworks, essentially had five core objectives. These objectives were examined through five independent studies. The studies were broadly interwoven to clarify understanding in three broad thematic areas relating to the impact of alcohol use on road traffic crashes in Northern Ghana: (a) general behaviour (i.e., knowledge, attitudes and practices) regarding alcohol impairment as a risk factor for ii Alcohol Use and Traffic Crash Severity in Ghana road users, (b) police reported alcohol and illicit drug use and the relative risk of road traffic crashes, and (c) the impact of alcohol use on road traffic injury severity.Study 1 (Chapter 5) primarily aimed to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding alcohol drinking and driving in three cities in Ghana. The study was a survey conducted at washing bays, lorry terminals and fuel stations. Study 1 established that 24% of all motorists and 54% of motorists who were current alcohol users reported having driven within an hour after consuming alcohol. Current alcohol users typically consume four standard drinks per drinking occasion. Further, participants who were current alcohol users were significantly more likely to be arrested for traffic violations compared with non-alcohol users. It was apparent that enforcement of drink-driving law and motorists' knowledge of the BAC law were low.

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The effectiveness of alcohol control policies on alcohol-related traffic fatalities in the United States

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Ley chilena de tolerancia cero al alcohol: fortalezas, falencias y carencias que no deben ser obviadas

Ley chilena de tolerancia cero al alcohol: fortalezas, falencias y carencias que no deben ser obviadas

Youth Drinking in the United States: Relationships With Alcohol Policies and Adult Drinking

The Prevalence of Alcohol Use among Road Users and Its Impact on Traffic Crash Severity in Ghana

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