This paper reports the results of an experimental study where four characteristics of premium-based sales promotions were manipulated in the context of a computer purchase: the attractiveness of the premium, the extent to which it fits the product category, the reception delay of the premium, and the mention of its value. The results show that these factors had interactive effects on consumer reactions. Thus, although the attractiveness of the premium generally had a positive impact on consumer appreciation of the promotional offer, a promotion including an unattractive premium was nevertheless positively evaluated if the premium was a good fit to the product category. Sales promotions, including a premium that fits well the product category, were less likely to be perceived as manipulative. However, if the product-premium fit was poor and the premium was not attractive, mentioning the value of the premium helped to reduce the perceptions of manipulation intent. It is concluded that more research is needed on this managerially relevant topic in light of the complex dynamics that appear to underlie the relationships between the characteristics of premium-based promotions and consumer reactions.
Background discussionSales promotion comprises a multitude of marketing tools designed to stimulate the purchase of goods and services by providing an incentive. Among those tools, premiums occupy an important place. A premium-based sales promotion is one in which a good or service is offered free of charge or at a relatively low price in return for the purchase of one or many products or services. For instance, a potential customer may be offered a free cookware set as a premium for opening a new bank account (Preston et al., 1978). Premium-based promotions can be categorized into two types (d'Astous and Jacob, 2002): those involving direct premiums (e.g. an article is inserted in the package) and those involving delayed premiums (e.g. an article is sent by mail upon receiving a proof of purchase). Each year, thousands of marketing practitioners attend specialized trade shows such as the Premium Incentive Show (Goldsborough, 1998) or the Motivation Show