The Effectiveness of Cultivated Land Protection and Strategies in China

Abstract

Abstract--As a huge country with 1.3 billion population, protecting cultivated land is a basic policy in China. In this paper, the implementation effectiveness of cultivated land protection and causes since the reform and opening were analyzed, and the results shows that: China has proposed the basic farmland protection system, "rice bag" governor accountability, "total dynamic balance of cultivated land" and other important cultivated land protection policy, these policies have played a relevant role in curbing the cultivated land decreasing trend, but the overall quality of the cultivated land decreased, and the main causes are the lack of protection of cultivated land real executive body, the externality of cultivated land protection has not been widely recognized. Therefore, some countermeasures were put forward: creating an atmosphere of cultivated land protection participated by the whole society; motivating the positivity of peasants in cultivated land protection; strengthen the social support to the cultivated land protection.

Phylogenomic Analysis of Target Enrichment and Transcriptome Data Uncovers Rapid Radiation and Extensive Hybridization in Slipper Orchid GenusCypripediumL

“…Instead, the results indicated that C. × ventricosum and C. calceolus are products of a hybridization event between C. shanxiense and C. macranthos. Another hybrid, C. × catherinae, which occurs in Far East Russia (Siberia) and possibly in Korea and Northeast China, where the parent taxa's distributions overlap, was already described from the hybridization between these two taxa (Frosch and Cribb, 2012;SC Chen et al, 2013). Cypripedium calceolus and C. × ventricosum can also be found sympatrically with the parent taxa identified in our analysis, namely, in Far Eastern Russia (Siberia) and Northeastern China, while C. calceolus is also found in Japan and on Sakhalin Island (Cribb, 1997;Frosch and Cribb, 2012;SC Chen et al, 2013).…”

“…Cypripedium (Fatihah et al, 2011;H Liu et al, 2021a), as suggested by SC Chen et al (2013). Moreover, the species composition of the two clades within sect.…”

“…We also removed non-slipper orchid taxa because of scarce sampling. The taxon distributions were based on Eccarius (2009), Frosch and Cribb (2012), SC Chen et al (2013), andWalid et al (2019). The distributions of C. amesianum and C. macranthos var.…”

“…Furthermore, it has been shown that the genetic structure of C. shanxiense was similar to C. calceolus from the eastern part of the range where they are sympatric, with the authors arguing that it may have been a result of introgressive hybridization, making the classification of these taxa even more challenging (Filippov and Andronova, 2011). At the same time, a hybrid has also been described between these two species (i.e., C. × microsaccos Kraenzl; Frosch and Cribb, 2012;SC Chen et al, 2013).…”

The Effect of Labor Migration on Farmers’ Cultivated Land Quality Protection

“…The key to solving the contradiction is to promote the coordinated development of intensive agriculture and sustainable agriculture technically [2]. Moreover, since opening up in 1978, the rapid progress of urbanization and industrialization and urban expansion, which have re-purposed what were formerly high-quality farmlands, have prominently contravened cultivated land quality protection (CLQP) [3].…”