The effectiveness of eye tracking in the diagnosis of cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu, Zicai; Gu, Yueming; Liu, Huiyu; Wang, Pu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254059

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The probable reason behind this high efficacy was that we first collected eye-tracking data for the smooth pursuit, pro-saccade, and anti-saccade tasks together, recognizing the added value of combining these parameters rather than relying on a single dimension. 44,45 Moreover, we discovered meaningful parameters within each of the three dimensions, and their combination resulted in the highest diagnostic value. Notably, this study is the first to incorporate a dual-task eye-tracking paradigm, which has not been previously reported.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 92%

A detection model of cognitive impairment via the integrated gait and eye movement analysis from a large Chinese community cohort

Lin,

Xu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONWhether the integration of eye‐tracking, gait, and corresponding dual‐task analysis can distinguish cognitive impairment (CI) patients from controls remains unclear.METHODSOne thousand four hundred eighty‐one participants, including 724 CI and 757 controls, were enrolled in this study. Eye movement and gait, combined with dual‐task patterns, were measured. The LightGBM machine learning models were constructed.RESULTSA total of 105 gait and eye‐tracking features were extracted. Forty‐six parameters, including 32 gait and 14 eye‐tracking features, showed significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05). Of these, the Gait_3Back‐TurnTime and Dual‐task cost‐TurnTime patterns were significantly correlated with plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) level. A model based on dual‐task gait, dual‐task smooth pursuit, prosaccade, and anti‐saccade achieved the best area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.987 for CI detection, while combined with p‐tau181, the model discriminated mild cognitive impairment from controls with an AUC of 0.824.DISCUSSIONCombining dual‐task gait and dual‐task eye‐tracking analysis is feasible for the detection of CI.Highlights This is the first study to report the efficiency of integrated parameters of dual‐task gait and eye‐tracking for cognitive impairment (CI) detection in a large cohort. We identified 46 gait and eye‐tracking features associated with CI, and two were correlated to plasma phosphorylated tau 181. We constructed the model based on dual‐task gait, smooth pursuit, prosaccade, and anti‐saccade, achieving the best area under the curve of 0.987 for CI detection.

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Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 92%

A detection model of cognitive impairment via the integrated gait and eye movement analysis from a large Chinese community cohort

Lin,

Xu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…It has been proposed as a possible strategy for a therapeutic approach to developing disease-modifying therapies (DMT), which aim to promote a significant change in the course of AD, preventing, delaying its onset, or slowing its progression [ 133 ]. However, Liu et al [ 134 ] confirmed the effectiveness of eye-tracking in diagnosing a cognitive disorder and concluded that it is a viable marker for recognizing that.…”

Section: Clinical Perspective For Ad and The “Cu–mo–s Circuitry”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Connection between the Metabolism of Copper, Sulfur, and Molybdenum in Alzheimer’s Disease? New Insights on Disease Etiology

Coelho

Cerchiaro

Araújo

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of dementia was ranked 3rd in both the Americas and Europe in 2019 in a World Health Organization (WHO) publication listing the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Copper (Cu) imbalance has been reported in AD and increasing evidence suggests metal imbalance, including molybdenum (Mo), as a potential link with AD occurrence.We conducted an extensive literature review of the last 60 years of research on AD and its relationship with Cu, sulfur (S), and Mo at out of range levels.Weanalyzed the interactions among metallic elements’ metabolisms;Cu and Mo are biological antagonists, Mo is a sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase co-factor, and their low activities impair S metabolism and reduce uric acid, respectively. We found significant evidence in the literature of a new potential mechanism linking Cu imbalance to Mo and S abnormalities in AD etiology: under certain circumstances, the accumulation of Cu not bound to ceruloplasmin might affect the transport of Mo outside the blood vessels, causing a mild Mo deficiency that might lowerthe activity of Mo and S enzymes essential for neuronal activity. The current review provides an updated discussion of the plausible mechanisms combining Cu, S, and Mo alterations in AD.

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“…The link between eye movements and brain health should not be too surprising given that eye movements are controlled by a diverse network of cortical and subcortical structures (Goffart et al, 2018;Leigh and Zee, 2006) that are susceptible to a variety of degenerative processes (Gorges et al, 2014;Anderson TJ, MacAskill, 2014;Serra et al, 2018). Moreover, the analysis of gaze patterns and visual tasks that measure cognitive inhibition can provide insights into the integrity of various cognitive processes (Liu et al, 2021;Bueno et al, 2019;Fielding et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel tablet-based software for the acquisition and analysis of gaze and eye movement parameters: a preliminary validation study in Parkinson’s disease

Villers-Sidani

Voss

Guitton

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The idea that eye movements can reflect certain aspects of brain function and inform on the presence of neurodegeneration is not a new one. Indeed, a growing body of research has shown that several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, present characteristic eye movement anomalies and that specific gaze and eye movement parameters correlate with disease severity. The use of detailed eye movement recordings in research and clinical settings, however, has been limited due to the expensive nature and limited scalability of the required equipment. Here we test a novel technology that can track and measure eye movement parameters using the embedded camera of a mobile tablet. We show that using this technology can replicate several well-known findings regarding oculomotor anomalies in Parkinson's disease, and furthermore show that several parameters significantly correlate with disease severity as assessed with the MDS-UPDRS motor subscale. This tablet-based tool has the potential to accelerate eye movement research via affordable and scalable eye-tracking and aid with the identification of disease status and monitoring of disease progression in clinical settings.

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The effectiveness of eye tracking in the diagnosis of cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 59 publications

A detection model of cognitive impairment via the integrated gait and eye movement analysis from a large Chinese community cohort

A detection model of cognitive impairment via the integrated gait and eye movement analysis from a large Chinese community cohort

Is There a Connection between the Metabolism of Copper, Sulfur, and Molybdenum in Alzheimer’s Disease? New Insights on Disease Etiology

A novel tablet-based software for the acquisition and analysis of gaze and eye movement parameters: a preliminary validation study in Parkinson’s disease

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