The effectiveness of hot water pressurized spray in field conditions to slow the spread of invasive alien species

Bradbeer, Stephanie J.; Renals, Trevor; Quinn, Claire H.; Warren, Daniel A.; Pile, Benjamin; Hills, Kate; Dunn, Alison M.

doi:10.3391/mbi.2021.12.1.09

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Guidance for cleaning of angling equipment under the CCD states “use hot water if possible,” which arguably allows room for deviation in interpretation. Furthermore, the practicality of using hot water in the field has previously been questioned, particularly for large pieces of equipment that may be challenging to fully immerse or difficult to be sprayed with hot water when water resources are limited (Bradbeer et al ., 2021). Divergences in the cleaning approaches used by anglers have also been reported in the Great Lakes (Connelly et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and improving biosecurity among recreational anglers in Great Britain

Smith

Heal

Wood

2023

Journal of Fish Biology

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Recreational fishing with the principal motivation of leisure is associated with important economic, social and conservation values. Nonetheless, it is also a primary pathway for the introduction and spread of invasive non-native species and aquatic animal disease. Several studies have explored the overall biosecurity risk posed by recreational anglers based on self-reported behaviours and the awareness of biosecurity campaigns. Nonetheless, there has been little in-depth exploration of the characteristics of key stakeholders who are implementing biosecurity best practices and the barriers that prevent anglers from undertaking biosecurity measures in the field.This study addresses this knowledge gap using an online questionnaire to collect information on angler socio-demographic characteristics, voluntary biosecurity behaviour and barriers affecting the implementation of biosecurity best practices in Great Britain. The results indicated that cleaning behaviours vary considerably among anglers, with angling frequency and the number of pieces of equipment affecting how likely anglers were to clean and dry these items. High levels of disinfectant use were reported among anglers, potentially attributed to the concurrent advocation of disinfectant to prevent the spread of aquatic animal disease. Barriers affecting the implementation of correct cleaning behaviours included a combination of factors, such as practicality, disability, lack of available information and individual values.These findings illustrate the importance for fishery managers, water companies and policymakers to tailor prevention measures and facilities for anglers to maximise the practicality of biosecurity measures and encourage long-term implementation of best practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and improving biosecurity among recreational anglers in Great Britain

Smith

Heal

Wood

2023

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…However, outdoors watercraft decontamination using water at very high temperatures may not be practical for recreational boaters. Some barriers to implementation include the need for equipment that can consistently heat large volumes of water to high temperatures, heat loss due to environmental conditions and the type of surface being washed potentially reducing the temperature of water being applied (Bradbeer et al 2021), and the elevated risk for personal injury or damage to equipment at temperatures > 50°C. Since previous studies on the effect of hot water immersion as a decontamination method have shown that complete mortality occurs when organisms are exposed to water < 50°C for longer periods than that of rinsing (Beyer et al 2011, Anderson et al 2015, Sebire et al 2018, Shannon et al 2018, De Stasio et al 2019, hot water application would nonetheless remain effective to decontaminate smaller equipment that can be immersed, or compartments that can be flooded then drained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pressure-washing was among the less well-studied methods. Previous experiments assessing the efficacy of pressurised hot water (Morse 2009, Bradbeer et al 2021 did not include comparison groups testing different pressures, but rather, they primarily evaluated different water temperatures. However, studies by Rothlisberger et al (2010) and Wong et al (2014) evaluated the efficacy of pressure itself, comparing high and low water pressure groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watercraft Decontamination Practices to Reduce the Viability of Aquatic Invasive Species Implicated in Overland Transport.

Mohit

Johnson

Arnott

2021

Preprint

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Recreational boating activities enable aquatic invasive species (AIS) dispersal among disconnected lakes, as invertebrates and plants caught on or contained within watercraft and equipment used in invaded waterbodies can survive overland transport. Resource management agencies worldwide recommend decontaminating watercraft and equipment using high water pressure, rinsing with hot water, or air-drying for up to seven days to inhibit this mode of secondary spread. There is a lack of studies on the efficacy of these methods under realistic conditions and considering feasibility for recreational boaters. Hence, we conducted experiments addressing this knowledge gap using AIS present in Ontario, namely zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), banded mystery snails (Viviparus georgianus), spiny waterfleas (Bythotrephes cederstroemi), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), Carolina fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana), and European frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae). Washing at high pressures of 900-1200 psi removed the most biological material (90%) from surfaces. Brief (<10s) exposure to water at ≥60°C caused nearly 100% mortality among all species tested, except snails. Acclimation to temperatures from 15°C to 30°C before hot water exposure had little effect on the minimum temperature required for no survival. Air-drying durations producing complete mortality were ≥60h for zebra mussels and spiny waterfleas, and ≥6 days among plants, whereas survival remained high among snails after a week of air-drying. Hot water exposure followed by air-drying was more effective than either method separately against all species tested, reducing either the minimum water temperature or air-drying duration necessary. These findings can inform best management strategies against AIS spread.

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“…These campaigns focus on three simple steps -visual inspection, cleaning, and drying -to remove and/or kill non-native species that are attached to vessels. Specific practices, including the use of hot water and duration of drying, have been informed by studies assessing mortality of freshwater non-native species (e.g., Shannon et al 2018;Bradbeer et al 2020). In recent years, further specific biosecurity guidance has been developed for high risk pathways, such as angling and boating, although the efficacy of such schemes can depend on the availability of appropriate cleaning facilities (Sutcliffe et al 2018).…”

Section: Biosecurity and Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing and controlling nonnative species invasions to bend the curve of global freshwater biodiversity loss

et al. 2023

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The Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity recognises that addressing non-native species is one of six principal actions needed to bend the curve in freshwater biodiversity loss. This is because introduction rates of non-native species continue to accelerate globally and, where these species develop invasive populations, they can have severe impacts on freshwater biodiversity. The most effective management measure to protect freshwater biodiversity is to prevent introductions of non-native species. Should a non-native species be introduced, however, then its early detection and the implementation of rapid reaction measures can avoid it establishing and dispersing. If these measures are unsuccessful and the species becomes invasive then control and containment measures can minimise its further spread and impact. Minimizing further spread and impact includes control methods to reduce invader abundance and containment methods such as screening of invaded sites and strict biosecurity to avoid the invader dispersing to neighbouring basins. These management actions have benefitted from developments in invasion risk assessment that can prioritise species according to their invasion risk and, for species already invasive, ensure that management actions are commensurate with assessed risk. The successful management of freshwater non-native species still requires the overcoming of some implementation challenges, including non-native species often being a symptom of degraded habitats rather than the main driver of ecological change, and eradication methods often being non-species specific. Given the multiple anthropogenic stressors in freshwaters, non-native species management must work with other restoration strategies if it is to deliver the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity.

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The effectiveness of hot water pressurized spray in field conditions to slow the spread of invasive alien species

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding and improving biosecurity among recreational anglers in Great Britain

Understanding and improving biosecurity among recreational anglers in Great Britain

Watercraft Decontamination Practices to Reduce the Viability of Aquatic Invasive Species Implicated in Overland Transport.

Preventing and controlling nonnative species invasions to bend the curve of global freshwater biodiversity loss

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