The Effectiveness of In-vehicle Peppermint Fragrance to Maintain Car Driver's Alertness

Mahachandra, Manik; Yassierli,; Garnaby, Erdo D.

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.11.064

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Menthol is a botanical compound extracted from plants of the mentha genus (e.g., peppermint, corn mint), commonly used to impart a minty flavour and sensations of oral cooling and freshness [ 1 ]. Although research conducted upon the beneficial effects of chronic peppermint oil ingestion upon aerobic parameters [ 2 ] has since been refuted [ 3 ], menthol and peppermint extracts have been linked to feelings of alertness and improved decision making [ 4 , 5 ]. Menthol mouth swilling is also increasingly researched in endurance sports performance [ 6 , 7 ], where effects include increases in ventilation and improvements in thermal comfort and sensation [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Menthol Mouth Swilling Affects Neither Strength nor Power Performance

Best

Temm

Hucker

et al. 2020

Sports

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This study aimed to assess the effects of repeated menthol mouth swilling upon strength and power performance. Nineteen (10 male) participants completed familiarisation and experimental trials of repeated menthol mouth swilling (0.1% concentration) or control (no swill) in a randomised crossover design. Participants performed an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP; peak and mean force; N), vertical jump (peak; cm) and six second sprint (peak and mean power; W) under each condition. Participants completed three efforts per exercise task interspersed with three-minute recoveries. Mean best values were analysed via a two-way mixed repeated measures ANOVA, and differences reported as effect sizes ± 95% confidence intervals, with accompanying descriptors and p values. Differences in peak IMTP values were unclear between familiarisation and experimental trials, and between menthol and control conditions. Mean IMTP force differed between familiarisation and control (0.51; −0.15 to 1.14; p = 0.001) and familiarisation and menthol conditions (0.50; −0.15 to 1.14; p = 0.002) by a small degree, but were unclear between control and menthol conditions. Unclear differences were also noted on vertical jump performance compared to familiarisation and between experimental conditions, with repeated six second peak and average power performance also showing unclear effects across all comparisons. We conclude that repeated menthol mouth swilling does not improve strength or power performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Menthol Mouth Swilling Affects Neither Strength nor Power Performance

Best

Temm

Hucker

et al. 2020

Sports

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“…In recent years, a small body of research has also delivered scientific investigations into the effects of peppermint aroma on a number of non-therapeutic variables, such as its limiting effects on daytime sleepiness [6]. Mahachandra and Garnaby [7] suggest that the stimulating properties of peppermint aroma might be utilised in in-car fragrance dispersal units to reduce driver sleepiness and have a positive impact on associated vehicle accidents. This proposal is supported by evidence that peppermint aroma improved performance in sleep deprived drivers to unexpected situations in a simulation experiment [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Low-Level Exposure to the Aroma of Peppermint Essential Oil Enhances Aspects of Cognition and Mood in Healthy Adults

Hoult¹,

Longstaff²,

Moss³

2019

AJPS

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The possible positive impact of aromas of plant essential oils is an area with a long history and one that is receiving increasing interest from modern science. Previous research has demonstrated beneficial effects of acute exposure on a range of variables. The current study set out to investigate for the first time whether extended exposure to the aroma of peppermint essential oil could provide benefits to healthy young adults. One hundred participants were randomly assigned to either wear a peppermint infused non-transdermal skin patch or a blank patch, for a period of six hours during which time they went about their normal daily routine. Cognitive and mood assessments were completed and a multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant difference to exist between the two groups when all variables were analysed together. Further analyses on the individual variables revealed small to medium positive effects of peppermint aroma on aspects of memory and attention and feelings of subjective alertness. These findings add to a growing body of evidence that suggests aroma of peppermint essential oil may act as a positive and easy intervention delivering beneficial objective and subjective outcomes. The findings are discussed in terms of putative mechanisms that might underpin the effects with a focus on possible pharmacological influences.

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“…Detecting drowsiness can be as simple as just looking at the correspondent's behavioral changes. However, this becomes a difficult task when the individual is alone [36]. Moreover, most of the drowsy driving crashes occur when the driver is alone [37].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-intrusive Driver Drowsiness Detection based on Face and Eye Tracking

Bamidele¹,

Kamardin²,

Aziz³

et al. 2019

IJACSA

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The rate of annual road accidents attributed to drowsy driving are significantly high. Due to this, researchers have proposed several methods aimed at detecting drivers' drowsiness. These methods include subjective, physiological, behavioral, vehicle-based, and hybrid methods. However, recent reports on road safety are still indicating drowsy driving as a major cause of road accidents. This is plausible because the current driver drowsiness detection (DDD) solutions are either intrusive or expensive, thus hindering their ubiquitous nature. This research serves to bridge this gap by providing a test-bed for achieving a non-intrusive and low-cost DDD solution. A behavioral DDD solution is proposed based on tracking the face and eye state of the driver. The aim is to make this research an inception to DDD pervasiveness. To achieve this, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) Computer Vision Lab's driver drowsiness detection video dataset was utilized. Several video and image processing operations were performed on the videos so as to detect the drivers' eye state. From the eye states, three important drowsiness features were extracted: percentage of eyelid closure (PERCLOS), blink frequency (BF), and Maximum Closure Duration (MCD) of the eyes. These features were then fed as inputs into several machine learning models for drowsiness classification. Models from the K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) machine learning algorithms were experimented. These models were evaluated by calculating their accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, miss rate, and false alarm rate values. Although these five metrics were evaluated, the focus was more on getting optimal accuracies and miss rates. The result shows that the best models were a KNN model when k = 31 and an ANN model that used an Adadelta optimizer with 3 hidden layer network of 3, 27, and 9 neurons respective. The KNN model obtained an accuracy of 72.25% with a miss rate of 16.67%, while the ANN model obtained 71.61% and 14.44% accuracy and miss rate respectively.

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The Effectiveness of In-vehicle Peppermint Fragrance to Maintain Car Driver's Alertness

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Repeated Menthol Mouth Swilling Affects Neither Strength nor Power Performance

Repeated Menthol Mouth Swilling Affects Neither Strength nor Power Performance

Prolonged Low-Level Exposure to the Aroma of Peppermint Essential Oil Enhances Aspects of Cognition and Mood in Healthy Adults

Non-intrusive Driver Drowsiness Detection based on Face and Eye Tracking

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