The effectiveness of incentivized and non-incentivized vessel speed reduction programs: Case study in the Santa Barbara channel

Freedman, R.; Herron, Sean; Byrd, Mary; Birney, Kristi; Morten, Jessica; Shafritz, Brian; Caldow, Chris; Hastings, Sean

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.07.013

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are three management options for reducing ship speeds: voluntary, mandatory, and incentivized. Studies on the West and East Coasts of the United States have shown little compliance with voluntary speed reductions (for example, Freedman et al, ; McKenna, Katz, Condit, & Walbridge, ; Silber, Adams, & Bettridge, ). However, compliance was higher (although not 100%) when mandatory speed reductions were implemented and enforced on the East Coast (Silber, Adams, & Fonnesbeck, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, compliance was higher (although not 100%) when mandatory speed reductions were implemented and enforced on the East Coast (Silber, Adams, & Fonnesbeck, ). Recent efforts in the Channel to offer incentives to ships that travel slower have been broadly effective, but only reach a small percentage of ships travelling in this region (Freedman et al, ) and require continued financial support. Our analyses assume 100% compliance with speed reductions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although speeds were slower in 2015, the speed of ships travelling on east‐west routes to the Ports would still result in a >70% probability that a ship strike would be lethal in many areas (Figure b). To reduce this risk, voluntary and incentivized speed reductions have been implemented in the Channel (Freedman et al, ). To address the increased traffic using the western approach, the Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbor Safety Committee established western voluntary lanes in October 2009 (Figure a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluating stakeholder‐derived strategies to reduce the risk of ships striking whales

Redfern

Moore

Becker

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: Ship strikes are one of the largest sources of human-caused mortality for baleen whales on the West Coast of the United States. Reducing ship-strike risk in this region is complicated by changes in ship traffic that resulted from air pollution regulations and economic factors. A diverse group of stakeholders was convened to develop strategies to reduce ship-strike risk in the Southern California Bight. Strategies proposed by some stakeholders included: (a) adding a shipping route; (b) expanding the existing area to be avoided (ATBA); and (c) reducing ship speeds. Location: Southern California Bight, off the coast of California, United States. Methods:We developed methods to estimate ship traffic in the stakeholder-derived strategies using 8 years of ship traffic data. To assess ship-strike risk for fin, humpback, and blue whales, we used habitat models developed from 7 years of survey data and home ranges derived from 53 blue whale tags. We defined collision risk as the co-occurrence between whales and ships. The risk of a lethal collision was calculated by multiplying collision risk by the probability that a collision is lethal, which is estimated using ship speed.Results: Speed reductions resulted in a large decrease in the risk of a lethal ship strike.Creating a shipping route or expanding the ATBA reduced the risk of a strike by removing traffic from a whale feeding area. Creating a shipping route was opposed by the United States Navy and the shipping industry, but expanding the ATBA was broadly supported. Main conclusions:Our analyses suggest that speed reductions and expanding the ATBA may provide an optimal solution for addressing stakeholder needs and reducing ship strikes in the Southern California Bight. The methods we developed can be used to address the global issue of balancing human use of the marine environment with the protection of whale populations.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating stakeholder‐derived strategies to reduce the risk of ships striking whales

Redfern

Moore

Becker

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter voluntary incentive programme was spatially expanded in 2016 to include a whale‐safer transit zone south of the islands as well as scaled up fiscally to provide financial incentives for 128 transits in 2016 (Freedman et al, ). The programme expanded again in 2017 to include transits through the San Francisco Bay traffic separation scheme.…”

Section: Tracking the Spatial Dimensions Of Marine Mammal Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The US Coast Guard broadcasts and publishes a Notice to Mariners in addition to public communications through the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, port authorities, the shipping industry, and other public agencies.Whale data are collected by the whale watch industry, citizen scientists, whale researchers, and monthly flights over the shipping lanes conducted by sanctuary staff. This special advisory zone supplements existing regulations and incentive programmes meant in part to reduce shipping-related marine mammal mortality, such as traffic separation schemes (seeFigure 4) and a voluntary incentive-based vessel speed reduction programme.The latter voluntary incentive programme was spatially expanded in 2016 to include a whale-safer transit zone south of the islands as well as scaled up fiscally to provide financial incentives for 128 transits in 2016(Freedman et al, 2017). The programme expanded again in 2017 to include transits through the San Francisco Bay traffic separation scheme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking beyond the horizon: An early warning system to keep marine mammal information relevant for conservation

Agardy¹,

Cody

Hastings

et al. 2019

Aquatic Conservation

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Important marine mammal areas (IMMAs) are discrete portions of habitat, important to marine mammal species, that have the potential to be delineated and managed for conservation. Although IMMAs are not a blueprint for marine protected areas or other conservation designations, they are useful for providing a foundation for marine spatial planning and systematic conservation planning that can then lead to protected areas or special spatial regulations. To be most useful for supporting management and conservation, however, the information coming out of IMMAs needs to reflect current conditions. An ‘early warning system’ is proposed with a generic set of indicators to flag when marine mammal species in IMMAs require management interventions due to changing distributions or decreasing populations. Rather than signifying that quantitative thresholds have been reached, these indicators comprise alerting information derived from visual or acoustic census, satellite imagery analysis, whale‐watching logs, or increases in mortality reported by stranding networks that can trigger additional targeted research. Although it is possible that in some regions data will be sufficient to provide quantifiable indicators, the system is meant to rely on existing data sources, and be adaptable to the circumstances of each region. Regional expert groups can utilize early warning system information and feed it into IMMA‐related spatial planning in two ways: by nominating additional areas of interest, and by providing a scientific rationale for revising IMMA boundaries, to be considered at the next decadal IMMA regional expert workshop. IMMA‐driven consolidation of information that is as current as possible will prove valuable for enhancing regional cooperation to conserve marine mammals, and will be useful as countries implement new protected areas to conserve marine mammals and other marine biodiversity.

show abstract

Estimating reductions in the risk of vessels striking whales achieved by management strategies

Redfern,

Hodge,

Pendleton

et al. 2024

Biological Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effectiveness of incentivized and non-incentivized vessel speed reduction programs: Case study in the Santa Barbara channel

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluating stakeholder‐derived strategies to reduce the risk of ships striking whales

Evaluating stakeholder‐derived strategies to reduce the risk of ships striking whales

Looking beyond the horizon: An early warning system to keep marine mammal information relevant for conservation

Estimating reductions in the risk of vessels striking whales achieved by management strategies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About