The Effectiveness of Parental Education via Smartphone Application on Number of Utterances and Initiation Ratio

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Objectives: Mother's language input is the most meaningful and impactful features for toddlers' language development. The more children experience successful communication between mothers and the child the greater the positive effects on a child's lingual development. This study examines the frequency of linguistic stimulation input, and the linguistic competencies of late-talking infants. Methods: Thirty-two pairs of mothers and children participated in this study: 16 pairs of late-talking (LT) infants (18-36 months) with their mothers and 16 pairs of typically developing (TD) infants of the same age with their mothers. The mothers had a smartphone attached to their armbands that recorded child-direct speech and speech overhead by their children during the course of a week in their daily lives. Results: The results showed that the group of TD children's mothers had significantly higher child-directed speech than the group of LT children's mothers. Among 6 different subtypes of child-directed speech, LT mothers group showed higher results in 'questioning, ' 'demanding' than the TD mothers group; the LT mothers group showed lower in 'responding, ' 'explanation & naming, ' and 'attempting. ' Conclusion: The experiment provided an evidence that the direct linguistic interaction between mother and child is an important factor for children's language development, and identifies language types used by mothers interacting with their children.

A Comparative Study between the Direct and Overheard Speech of Primary Caregiver of Late Talkers and Typically Developing Infants

Lee¹,

Yim

2017

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Infant Vocalizations and Early Home Language Environment

Yoo¹,

Ha²

2021

It is well known that infant-directed speech (IDS) facilitates early language acquisition. There is also growing evidence that adult-directed (ADS) or overheard speech may influence language learning. Given the importance of early language environment in infancy, greater attention must be paid to systematically investigating home language environment as well as relations between language input and infant volubility. The goals of this study were (1) to investigate the amount of IDS and ADS in a naturalistic environment, (2) to examine infant volubility across differing circumstances, and (3) to explore relations between caregiver volubility and infant volubility. Methods: Sixteen caregiver-infant dyads living in Korea participated in the study. Caregiver and infant vocalizations were recorded using all-day LENA (Language ENvironment Analysis) recorders in their homes as part of a longitudinal study. We quantified the number of infant speech-like vocalizations (i.e., protophones). We also estimated the amount of caregiver volubility. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were conducted to address the research questions. Results: Results indicated that caregivers did not constantly talk to their infants. There was a significant difference in infant volubility between the IDS and No IDS circumstances. However, no significant difference was found between the ADS and No ADS circumstances. Infant volubility was found to be highest when caregiver volubility ranged in the middle. Conclusion: This study may support a midrange hypothesis which suggests that midrange interaction is optimal for infant development outcomes.

Research Trends Regarding Language Development and Language Impairment of Infancy and Toddlerhood: From 2012 to 2021

Hong¹,

Yang²,

Oh³

et al. 2022

Objectives: This study aims to examine Korean and English research trends regarding language development and language impairment, and to suggest future directions for later research. Methods: Sixty-five Korean research papers published in Communication Science & Disorders and 129 English research published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research were classified according to the subject, time dimension, observational method, independent variable, and dependent variable. The frequency and rate of publication of each type were yielded. Results: Nearly half of the subjects were typically developing toddlers, but there were some differences between the research in the two journals. Cross-sectional studies had higher rates in Korean research, and longitudinal studies had higher rates in English research. In Korean journals, most articles were descriptive studies, with very few experimental studies. In English journals, various independent variables were used relatively evenly, whereas the variables related to the characteristics of the subject were used at higher rates in the Korean journals. Both journals mostly used variables associated with expressive language as dependent variables. Conclusion: Although more research has been published and the types of studies have become more diverse than in the past, during the recent decade in Korea the amount and types of studies are limited when compared to English research. In this regard, this study discussed the direction in which future research related to infant language disorder should proceed.