The Effectiveness of Parental Self-Efficacy Program to Improve Children’s Moral Development with Single-Parent Status

Abstract

At an early age, moral cultivation starts. If the child is in an area where, because of many factors, there is only a father or mother, this can affect the physical and psychological preparation of the child. The role of single parents in the development of children can be an obstacle to promoting child development, especially moral development. The value of training in self-efficacy for single-parents in stimulating moral growth is, therefore, an alternative option for children. This research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Parental Self-Efficacy Program in improving the morality of children with single-parent status. This study explores one form of effort or experimental research to affect improvement. In order to determine the effectiveness of the parental self-efficacy program to promote the moral and social-emotional growth of children with single-parent status, a pre-test-post-test nonequivalent comparison group quasi-experimental design was chosen. Data were obtained from two community samples of 30 parents (mother) with single-parent families and 30 normal parent family status with children between preschool children aged 4 to 6 years. The findings showed that the parental self-efficacy program had an impact on improving the moral growth of children with single-parent status. It can be seen from the major differences linked to parental self-efficacy and the moral growth of children between the control group and the experimental group, where the experimental group had a higher average.

Development of SMART-P to improve parental locus of control and children’s social-emotional development

“…Yamaoka and Bard [17] stated that 26.7% of children experienced a decrease in social-emotional development due to the negative impact of improper parenting on children, causing children to traumatize by their childhood experiences. Therefore, to overcome children's social and emotional problems, parents need to have a locus of control in parenting where they can control feelings and behaviors that negatively impact the child's social and emotional [18].…”

“…The locus of control is one of the abilities parents must have in parenting practices [19]. The locus of control is self-awareness, confidence, and the parent's confidence in their abilities in the upbringing [18] When parents have confidence in their abilities, they will continue to learn to be excellent parents, and they will continue to learn to provide good and optimal parenting [20]. Through the parental locus of control, parents can advise their children on how to best stimulate their growth and development [21].…”