The Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms and its Role in Wound Healing

Percival, Steven L.; Suleman, Louise; Francolini, Iolanda; Donelli, Gianfranco

doi:10.2217/fmb.14.59

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In this study, the use of PDT significantly reduced bacterial numbers compared to treatment with photosensitizer alone, laser alone and the control (no treatment). This is in keeping with previous studies that investigated the ability of PDT to eradicate bacterial biofilm growth in dental plaques, on oral implants [ 26 , 27 ] and within chronically infected wounds [ 28 , 29 ]. Although the bactericidal effect of PDT had a significant effect on bacteria in both planktonic culture and within biofilm, it appeared to be more effective against biofilms which given the resistance of bacteria within biofilms, this result was not expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy—a promising treatment for prosthetic joint infections

et al. 2017

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Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is associated with high patient morbidity and a large financial cost. This study investigated Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) as a means of eradicating bacteria that cause PJI, using a laser with a 665-nm wavelength and methylene blue (MB) as the photosensitizer. The effectiveness of MB concentration on the growth inhibition of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii was investigated. The effect of laser dose was also investigated and the optimized PDT method was used to investigate its bactericidal effect on species within planktonic culture and following the formation of a biofilm on polished titanium and hydroxyapatite coated titanium discs. Results showed that Staphylococci were eradicated at the lowest concentration of 0.1 mM methylene blue (MB). With P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, increasing the MB concentration improved the bactericidal effect. When the laser dose was increased, results showed that the higher the power of the laser the more bacteria were eradicated with a laser power ≥ 35 J/cm2 and an irradiance of 35 mW/cm2, eradicating all S. epidermidis. The optimized PDT method had a significant bactericidal effect against planktonic MRSA and S. epidermidis compared to MB alone, laser alone, or control (no treatment). When biofilms were formed, PDT treatment had a significantly higher bactericidal effect than MB alone and laser alone for all species of bacteria investigated on the polished disc surfaces. P. aeruginosa grown in a biofilm was shown to be less sensitive to PDT when compared to Staphylococci, and a HA-coated surface reduced the effectiveness of PDT. This study demonstrated that PDT is effective for killing bacteria that cause PJI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy—a promising treatment for prosthetic joint infections

et al. 2017

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“…Here, a photoactive dye is used followed by irradiation in the presence of oxygen, thus killing the bacteria. 120 During therapy, proper care should be taken that patient's eyes are not exposed to laser light. With respect to photosensitizer and photochemical reactions, it is very crucial that the therapy should be used carefully to stain and kill the bacterial cells only without affecting the surrounding tissues of the patient's body.…”

Section: Strategies To Combat Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for combating bacterial biofilms: A focus on anti-biofilm agents and their mechanisms of action

et al. 2018

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Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. The biofilm matrix surrounding bacteria makes them tolerant to harsh conditions and resistant to antibacterial treatments. Moreover, the biofilms are responsible for causing a broad range of chronic diseases and due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria it has really become difficult to treat them with efficacy. Furthermore, the antibiotics available till date are ineffective for treating these biofilm related infections due to their higher values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), which may result in in-vivo toxicity. Hence, it is critically important to design or screen anti-biofilm molecules that can effectively minimize and eradicate biofilm related infections. In the present article, we have highlighted the mechanism of biofilm formation with reference to different models and various methods used for biofilm detection. A major focus has been put on various anti-biofilm molecules discovered or tested till date which may include herbal active compounds, chelating agents, peptide antibiotics, lantibiotics and synthetic chemical compounds along with their structures, mechanism of action and their respective MICs, MBCs, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) as well as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values available in the literature so far. Different mode of action of anti biofilm molecules addressed here are inhibition via interference in the quorum sensing pathways, adhesion mechanism, disruption of extracellular DNA, protein, lipopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides and secondary messengers involved in various signaling pathways. From this study, we conclude that the molecules considered here might be used to treat biofilm-associated infections after significant structural modifications, thereby investigating its effective delivery in the host. It should also be ensured that minimum effective concentration of these molecules must be capable of eradicating biofilm infections with maximum potency without posing any adverse side effects on the host.

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“…The use of photodynamic therapy has been shown to have an antimicrobial effect on antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa and clinical MRSA biofilms grown on ETTs (Biel et al, 2011;Percival et al, 2014b). Biel et al (2011) used a methylene blue-based photosensitizer in the lumen of the infected ETT before exposing the ETT to light from a fibre optic diffuser at 644 nm wavelength, resulting in a 99.9 % reduction in polymicrobial biofilm growth.…”

Section: Biofilm Control: Preventive Measures and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare-associated infections, medical devices and biofilms: risk, tolerance and control

Percival

Suleman

Vuotto

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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614

482

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The Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms and its Role in Wound Healing

Cited by 22 publications

References 85 publications

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy—a promising treatment for prosthetic joint infections

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy—a promising treatment for prosthetic joint infections

Strategies for combating bacterial biofilms: A focus on anti-biofilm agents and their mechanisms of action

Healthcare-associated infections, medical devices and biofilms: risk, tolerance and control

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