The effectiveness of process safety management (PSM) regulation for chemical industry in Korea

Safety management system: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale

“…Fires, explosions and toxic emissions are frequent in these processes (Khan & Abbasi, 1999a;Kwon, 2006), potentially killing a large number of people (employees and the population), as well as provoking catastrophic damage to the environment. Industrial accidents occurring in the past, such as the Bhopal gas or Chernobyl nuclear disasters, reflect the risks inherent in these processes, and have raised public awareness about the negative effects of technology (Khan & Abbasi, 1999b;Nivolianitou, Leopoulus, & Konstantinidou, 2004;Saraf & Karanjikar, 2005;Willey, Crowl, & Lepkowski, 2005).…”

“…However, unsafe worker behaviour is frequently the result of latent failures in the organisation and management systems that predispose workers to act unsafely (Hughes & KornowaWeichel, 2004;Kawka & Kirchsteiger, 1999;Reason, 1997;Sonnemans & Ko¨rvers, 2006). These defects include, particularly, the lack of instructions or appropriate training (Attwood et al, 2006;Hughes & KornowaWeichel, 2004;Kwon, 2006), demotivation (Kletz, 1993), the lack of work procedures, the poor design of tasks, the lack of control, low management commitment to safety (Rundmo, 1996), and, in short, inadequate safety measures and management systems (Hofmann, Jacobs, & Landy, 1995;Kwon, 2006). Currently, it is recognised that safety management plays an important part in achieving and maintaining a high level of safety (Mitchison & Papadakis, 1999) and in reducing losses.…”

The pollution release and transfer register system in the U.S. and Japan: an analysis of productivity

“…If we use data on entire industrial sectors to estimate productivity, then the industrial characteristics of largely determine productivity. However, most of the studies that used firm-level data focused on one industrial sector (Färe et al, 2001;Kwon, 2006;Koehler and Spengler, 2007). Although the PRTR system was enforced in all industrial sectors in the same year, the technical difficulties associated with reducing toxic chemical emissions differ between industries.…”

The effectiveness of U.S. OSHA process safety management inspection – A preliminary quantitative evaluation

“…The reduction of accident and fatality rates, and asset damage caused by accident were used as an effectiveness measure of PSM regulation in Korea (Kwon, 2006). However, process-related catastrophic accidents are low probability-high consequence (LP-HC) incidents.…”