The Effectiveness of Quality Protein Maize in Improving the Nutritional Status of Young Children in the Ethiopian Highlands

Akalu, Girma; Taffesse, Samson; Gunaratna, Nilupa S.; Groote, Hugo De

doi:10.1177/156482651003100304

Cited by 64 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Bio-fortified crops bred for improved nutritional quality can alleviate nutritional deficiencies if they are produced and consumed in sufficient quantities [35]. Several studies in controlled settings have indicated the positive impact of QPM on the nutritional status of human consumption and animal feeds [12,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Nutritional Quality and Impact Of Qpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Varieties: A Review

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The nutritional evaluation of quality protein maize (QPM) in feeding trials has proved its nutritional superiority over non-QPM varieties for human and livestock consumption. The present paper reviews some of the most recent achievements in development of QPM varieties using both conventional and molecular breeding under stressed and non-stressed environments. It is evident that numerous QPM varieties have been developed and released around the world over the past few decades. While the review points out some gaps in information or research efforts, challenges associated with adoption QPM varieties are highlighted and suggestions to overcome them are presented. The adoption of released varieties and challenges facing QPM production at the farmer level are also mentioned. Several breeding methods have been conventionally used to develop QPM varieties in stressed (drought, low soil nitrogen, resistance to grey leaf spot, Turcicum leaf blight, ear rot, and Striga) and non-stressed environments. At least three genetic loci have been found to be implicated in controlling the levels of a protein synthesis factor correlated with lysine. They have been mapped on chromosomes 2, 4, and 7. While the use of molecular approaches will improve the efficiency and speed of variety development, the cost implications might limit the use of these technologies in the developing world. More emphasis should be given to breeding QPM for tolerance to environmental stresses, such as low soil pH, heat, and combined heat and drought stress. The post-harvest attack of QPM grains should also be considered. The adoption of QPM genotypes by farmers has been found to be limited mainly due to the minimal collaboration between maize breeders, farmers, agricultural extension workers, and other relevant stakeholders, as well as the need for isolating QPM varieties from normal maize. Therefore, there is need to use participatory plant breeding (PPB) and/or participatory variety selection (PVS) to enhance and improve the adoption of QPM varieties.

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Section: Nutritional Quality and Impact Of Qpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Varieties: A Review

et al. 2017

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“…Using meta-analysis and community-based approach, Gunratna et al (2010) studied the nutritional impact of QPM, which revealed that consumption of QPM instead of conventional maize led to a 12% increase in the rate of growth in weight and a 9% increase in the rate of growth in height in infants and young children with mild-to-moderate undernutrition from populations, with maize as staple food. In another study on young children in the Ethiopian highlands, the inclusion of QPM in children's diet could reduce or prevent growth faltering and may in some cases support catch-up growth in weight (Akalu et al 2010). Clearly, more such studies are needed to assess the efficacy of biofortified crops on human health.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Biofortified Crops On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritionally Enhanced Staple Food Crops

Dwivedi

Sahrawat

Kedar

et al. 2012

Plant Breeding Reviews

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“…Diverse QPM genotypes adapted to sub-Saharan Africa have now been developed (Hohls et al 1996;CIMMYT 2005;Krivanek et al 2007; Badu-Apraku and Lum 2010; Musila et al 2010) and their nutritional benefits for children have been documented (Akalu et al 2010). Two approaches have been used to develop QPM germplasm adapted to ESA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of tropical quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm

et al. 2017

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important source of carbohydrates and protein in the diet in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of 13 new quality protein maize (QPM) lines in a diallel under stress and non-stress conditions, (ii) compare observed and predicted performance of QPM hybrids, (iii) characterize genetic diversity among the 13 QPM lines using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and assess the relationship between genetic distance and hybrid performance, and (iv) assess diversity and population structure in 116 new QPM inbred lines as compared to eight older tropical QPM lines and 15 non-QPM lines. The GCA and SCA effects were significant for most traits under optimal conditions, indicating that both additive and non-additive genetic effects were important for inheritance of the traits. Additive genetic effects appeared to govern inheritance of most traits under optimal conditions and across environments. Non-additive genetic effects were more important for inheritance of grain yield but additive effects controlled most agronomic traits under drought stress conditions. Inbred lines CKL08056, CKL07292, and CKL07001 had desirable GCA effects for grain yield across drought stress and non-stress conditions. Prediction efficiency for grain yield was highest under optimal conditions. The classification of 139 inbred lines with 95 SNPs generated six clusters, four of which contained 10 or fewer lines, and 16 lines of mixed co-ancestry. There was good agreement between Neighbor Joining dendrogram and Structure classification. The QPM lines used in the diallel were nearly uniformly spread throughout the dendrogram. There was no relationship between genetic distance and grain yield in either the optimal or stressed environments in this study. The genetic diversity in mid-altitude maize germplasm is ample, and the addition of the QPM germplasm did not increase it measurably.

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The Effectiveness of Quality Protein Maize in Improving the Nutritional Status of Young Children in the Ethiopian Highlands

Abstract: Background. Undernutrition is a persistent problem in Africa, especially

Cited by 64 publications

References 22 publications

Breeding for Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Varieties: A Review

Breeding for Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Varieties: A Review

Nutritionally Enhanced Staple Food Crops

Genetic analysis of tropical quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm

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