Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar.Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW. Keywords Government policy, state aid, ex-post evaluation, survival, European Union JEL Class C41, D62, D73, G33, G38, H23, L52, L98, O52 * The paper is based on a study with the title "Ex-post evaluation of the impact of restructuring aid decisions on the viability of aided (non-financial) firms" produced within a framework contract with the European Union by a consortium consisting of WIFO (Vienna), ECORYS (Rotterdam), Idea Consult (Brussels), SPI (Coimbra) and ZEW (Mannheim). The opinions expressed are ours only and do not represent the European Commission's official position. The European Commission has the rights to the results of the study which can be downloaded here: http://ec.europa.eu/competition/ publications/reports/kd0116104enn.pdf. We are grateful to the entire project team and the European Commission for helpful discussions in the course of the project. We are further indebted to Wolfgang Briglauer, Dirk Czarnitzki, Martin Hud, Ulrich Laitenberger, Eva Pichler, Christian Rammer, Michael Schröder and Douglas Thompson for helpful remarks on earlier versions of the paper. †